انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 An Analysis of the Effects of Spatial-Physical Expansion of Rural Cores on the City: Qasemabad, Hamedan تحلیلی بر اثرات گسترش فضایی - کالبدی هسته های روستایی بر شهر : قاسم آباد همدان 1 20 246847 10.22034/jpusd.2026.579059.1395 FA مهدی آقامحمدی دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، پردیس البرز دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0009-0003-5013-930X سید عباس رجائی دانشیار گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-6113-2811 کرامت الله زیاری استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0001-9135-4768 Journal Article 2026 04 18 Introduction Human settlements, as geographical systems and spatial realities, are shaped through a spatiotemporal process under the influence of space-forming agents and forces (Shamsi et al., 2015). Modern geography, adopting a systemic perspective, studies human societies as spatial systems (Saeedi, 2013, p. 12). These systems—whether urban or rural—are affected not only by internal dynamics but also by external processes in various forms (Sadeghi et al., 2018, p. 20). Moreover, multiple factors, including environmental factors (spatial realities and politico-administrative decisions) as well as locational attributes and communication networks, constitute internal determinants of physical-spatial transformations (Amin-Moghadam, 2011, p. 147). The phenomenon of "rural sprawl" exemplifies this process, whereby agricultural lands and orchards surrounding cities are gradually converted into residential, commercial, and service uses, ultimately leading to the physical fusion of the village with the city (Saeedi & Sadough, 2006, p. 9; Lasemipour et al., 2021, p. 20). In the spatial context of Iran, urban sprawl is of considerable significance. However, in certain rural areas—such as the Qasemabad rural district—due to market economy mechanisms, including the flow of urban and rural capital and population movements from surrounding rural and urban settlements, demand for land acquisition aimed at constructing residential units and industrial-service workshops has intensified. The sprawl process in this area has reached a level that has resulted in the physical contiguity of the rural fabric of Qasemabad with the city of Hamedan. What assumes importance in this context is the analysis of the impacts of such expansion on the host city. The present article aims to investigate the effects of the spatial-physical expansion of the Qasemabad rural core on the city of Hamedan within the framework of a structural-functional approach, with an emphasis on rural-urban linkages. It seeks to demonstrate the multiple and, at times, contradictory consequences that this expansion has entailed for the city. Methodology The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature and method, and applied-developmental in terms of objective. Data were collected through library-based (documentary) and field (survey) methods. The data collection instrument in the field component was a researcher-designed questionnaire. The unit of analysis comprises the native population residing in the Qasemabad neighborhood (the former rural core). SPSS software was employed for data analysis, and the Bayesian paired t-test was utilized to assess the effects of expansion (by comparing pre- and post-annexation conditions). The key indicator in this analysis is the Bayes factor (BF₁₀), which measures the strength of evidence supporting the existence of significant changes between the two temporal periods. Results and discussion The spatial-physical expansion of rural cores around cities is an escalating phenomenon within Iran’s urban system. Moving beyond a purely legal interpretation of "annexation," this research analyzes the impacts of this expansion on the city of Hamedan from the perspective of the annexed settlement (Qasemabad). The findings indicate that this expansion has introduced an unbalanced and dual transformation to the city. To ascertain the effects of the spatial-physical expansion of the Qasemabad rural core on Hamedan, the situation of this neighborhood across various dimensions—before and after the expansion process and its eventual annexation to the city—was compared and analyzed from the residents’ viewpoint. Data were analyzed using the Bayesian paired t-test, which evaluates the strength of evidence for significant differences between the "before" and "after" annexation conditions. The Bayes factor (BF₁₀) serves as the key indicator of this analysis, reflecting the robustness of evidence favoring change. Computational error percentages (error %) in all tests are negligible, indicating the reliability and consistency of the results. Conclusion Although Qasemabad has physically merged with the city and gained access to its benefits, from a functional and social perspective it has transferred a considerable portion of its own problems and predicaments (such as density, pollution, dissatisfaction) to the city, while failing to achieve a desirable level of urban quality of life. This implies that the spatial-physical expansion of rural cores is not merely a matter of physical "attachment," but rather a complex process of reciprocal influence that can pave the way for the formation of an unstable and problematic neighborhood within the city. In conclusion, the expansion of Qasemabad as a rural core, while serving as an instrument for the physical development of the city, has in practice injected a portion of its social and environmental instabilities into the urban system of Hamedan. The success of this process requires a comprehensive perspective that transcends mere physical development—one in which the enhancement of quality of life, the strengthening of social capital, and the preservation of the environment are prioritized alongside infrastructural development. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. یکی از پدیده‌های برجسته در عصر حاضر، شکل‌گیری هسته‌های روستایی-شهری است که مرزهای سنتی میان روستا و شهر را کمرنگ می‌سازد. این نیروها می‌توانند شامل عوامل اقتصادی، مهاجرتی، سیاست‌های توسعه، و نیز تحولات طبیعی باشند که ساختار فضایی این هسته‌ها را بازآرایی می‌کنند. پژوهش با رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی و باهدف بررسی اثرات گسترش فضایی-کالبدی هسته روستایی قاسم‌آباد بر شهر همدان انجام‌شده است. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنان محله قاسم‌آباد همدان است که دست‌کم یک دهه تجربه زندگی در این هسته را داشته‌اند تا بتوانند تغییرات کالبدی و اجتماعی را به‌درستی ارزیابی کنند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای GIS و SPSS و بهره‌گیری از آزمون تی زوجی بیزی تحلیل‌شده‌اند. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که گسترش کالبدی-فضایی قاسم‌آباد که درنهایت به الحاق آن به شهر همدان انجامید، اثراتی دوگانه و نامتوازن بر پیکره شهر داشته است. این گسترش اگرچه در حوزه‌های کالبدی و زیرساختی (نظیر بهبود معابر(2/227=BF) و مقاوم‌سازی مسکن (2/254=BF)، دستاوردهایی مثبت به همراه داشته، اما در ابعاد اجتماعی(773/0BF=)، زیست‌محیطی)8/13(BF= و کیفیت زندگی(591/0(BF=، اثرات منفی را بر شهر تحمیل کرده است. افزایش تراکم جمعیت، کاهش فضای سبز، معضلات ترافیکی، و افزایش حس بیگانگی ساکنان از پیامدهای منفی شناسایی‌شده است. گسترش این هسته روستایی و ادغام آن در شهر، محله‌ای ناپایدار از جنبه‌های اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی را به ساختار شهری همدان افزوده است. تحلیل بیزی شاخص کلی ترکیبی نیز مؤید این عدم‌توازن است(4/429BF₋₀ =). یافته‌های می‌تواند به برنامه‌ریزان شهری در درک بهتر پیامدهای ادغام شتابان هسته‌های روستایی کمک کرده و ضرورت اتخاذ رویکردهای یکپارچه و متوازن را آشکار سازد.

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