انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2026 05 02 Journal cover جلد مجله 242953 FA Journal Article Factors Influencing the Formation and Reproduction of Poverty Spaces in Urban Peripheral Areas(Case: Sistan and Baluchestan Province) Hassan Afrakhteh; Roshanak Afrakhteh................................................................................................................. 1 Assessment of Governance in the Surrounding Villages of Zahedan Minoo Arya; Mostafa Taleshi; Hadi Veysi................................................... 37 Designing a Model for Assessing the Impact of the Facilitation Approach on the urban and suburban Neighborhoods Regeneration Process in Mashhad City Hossein Aghajani; Sajedeh Baghban; Hamid Masoudi................................. 55 A Toponymic Study of Rural and Peri-Urban Settlements in Birjand County with an Emphasis on Geographical Elements Zahra Sabeghi; Hasan Emami; Jalilollah Faroughi Hendevalan................... 81 Evaluation of Citizen Participation and Satisfaction in Garbage Collection in Urban Peripheral Areas (Case Study: Zahedan City) Mahboobeh Hamidi; Maryam Karimian Bostani; Hossein Mollashahi........ 111 Identifying Factors Affecting the Regeneration of Deteriorated Urban Textures in Peri-Urban Spaces: Case Study Varamin City ‪ Mitra Sadat Atri; Ahmad Zanganeh; Hamidreza Talkhabi......................... 137 Analysis of the Physical Vulnerability of the Urban Fabric of Talesh and Its Surrounding Areas to Earthquake Hazards Dariush Mohammadi Outari; Rasoul Samadzadeh; Mohammad Taghi Masoumi 165 Infrastructure and rural development in Urban Peripheral Saqqez Davood Jamini......................................................................................... 191 عوامل مؤثر بر شکلگیری و باز تولید فضا‌های فرودست در نواحی پیراشهری(مورد: استان سیستان و بلوچستان) حسن افراخته؛ روشنک افراخته............................................................................................................. 1 ارزیابی حکمروایی روستاهای پیرامون زاهدان مینو آریا؛ مصطفی طالشی؛ هادی ویسی............................................................................................. 37 طراحی مدل تأثیرگذاری رویکرد تسهیلگری در فرآیند بازآفرینی محلات شهری و پیراشهری مشهد حسین آقاجانی؛ ساجده باغبان؛ حمید مسعودی.................................................................................... 55 جای‌نام‌شناسی سکونت‌گاه‌های روستایی و پیراشهری در شهرستان بیرجند با تأکید بر مؤلفه‌های جغرافیایی زهرا سابقی حسن امامی؛ جلیل‌اله فاروقی هندوالان............................................................................ 81 ارزیابی مشارکت و رضایتمندی شهروندان در جمعآوری زباله در نواحی پیراشهری(مطالعه موردی: شهر زاهدان) ‌ محبوبه حمیدی؛ مریم کریمیان بستانی؛ حسین ملاشاهی................................................................. 111 شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر بازآفرینی بافت‌های فرسوده در فضاهای پیرا کلان‌شهری(مورد مطالعه: شهر ورامین) میترا سادات عطری؛ احمد زنگانه؛ حمیدرضا تلخابی......................................................................... 137 تحلیل آسیب‌پذیری فیزیکی بافت شهری تالش و فضاهای پیرامونی آن در برابر مخاطره زمین‌لرزه داریوش محمدیاوتاری؛ رسول صمدزاده محمدتقی معصومی........................................................... 165 زیرساخت و توسعه روستایی در فضاهای پیراشهری سقز داود جمینی.................................................................................................................................. 191 https://www.jpusd.ir/article_242953_0f19d5fac3ef4b52ce9e62f2d8170987.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2025 12 22 Factors Influencing the Formation and Reproduction of Poverty Spaces in Urban Peripheral Areas(Case: Sistan and Baluchestan Province) عوامل مؤثر بر شکلگیری و باز تولید فضا‌های فرودست در نواحی پیراشهری(مورد: استان سیستان و بلوچستان) 1 36 233207 10.22034/jpusd.2025.548055.1375 FA حسن افراخته استاد، گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-5077-7032 روشنک افراخته دکتری برنامه ریزی و آمایش سرزمین، صندوق بیمه اجتماعی کشاورزان، روستاییان و عشایر، تهران، ایران. 0000-0003-3074-7546 Journal Article 2025 05 18 Introduction In Iran, the formation of marginalized spaces dates back to the post-1960s period, following the establishment of dependent capitalism and rapid urban population growth on one hand, urban expansion, improved transportation networks, and rising oil revenues fueled urban prosperity. On the other hand, the Land Reform Act and the uneven adoption of agricultural technology intensified rural-urban migration. From 1981 to 2018, the urbanization rate in Iran rose sharply to 72%, driven by the Iran-Iraq War, neglect of productive economic activities, and unequal resource distribution. Approximately 23% of this urban population settled in marginalized neighborhoods. Since 2018, while the country’s urban population has reached 74%, around 25% of urban residents now live in informal settlements. This trend is attributed to unprecedented inflation in the housing sector. Housing prices, particularly in major cities, have surged by more than 1,500%, displacing populations and accelerating migration toward marginalized urban spaces. Factors Influencing the Formation of Marginalized Spaces have been analyzed from various perspectives, including: Political economy views space as a produced phenomenon, whose spatial organization is intrinsically linked to a society's political, economic, and social systems. Therefore, understanding space requires identifying and analyzing social processes. The Participatory Approach, this approach advocates for bottom-up development, emphasizing the agency of the poor and their inclusion in poverty-alleviation initiatives. The radical perspective essentially represents a class-conscious version of the participatory approach, foregrounding production relations and ownership of means of production. This framework examines how modes of production interact with social structures and how inequality leads to spatial polarization. The modified radical approach posits that when the state implements redistributive policies, a portion of surplus production value can be transformed into social value through universal healthcare, education, progressive taxation, comprehensive insurance, and minimum livelihood guarantees. From this perspective, redistributive policies can: Control surplus value maximization; Foster middle-class growth; and prevent social polarization. Anthropologist Oscar Lewis posits that marginalization constitutes a subculture. This way of life is transmitted intergenerationally among the poor, making escape from it virtually impossible for this group. According to the first wave geographical approach, rural expulsive forces drive rural populations toward migration to cities. Simultaneously, urban pull forces attract these migrants. However, urban repulsive forces – primarily comprised of high living costs, especially housing expenses – prevent migrant populations from integrating into the urban economy. Consequently, they are forced to seek refuge in lower-class, marginalized neighborhoods. The pathology approach offers a distinct perspective. It posits that in the process of development and technological advancement, groups unable to adapt become collateral damage – ultimately becoming residents of marginalized neighborhoods. One prominent term in this discourse is "empowerment," touted as a solution for marginalized spaces. Empowerment denotes self-determination and autonomy for individuals and communities, enabling them to represent their interests responsibly and overcome subordination and deprivation. This approach has become a primary poverty-alleviation strategy in contemporary Iran. With previous research attributing the formation of poverty spaces from the perspective of first-wave geographical theories to factors such as unemployment, migration, weak urban management, and the culture of poverty, the present study attempts to examine the trends and factors affecting the formation of underdeveloped spaces from a different perspective, by studying the province of Sistan and Baluchestan. Methodology The epistemology of the research is critical realism. Sistan and Baluchestan province has been selected as the study area of the research. 26 city centers have formed the sample data collection centers for understanding spaces of poverty. Research required data have been collected through documentary and local study. In the first stage, the necessary data have been collected through documented documents. In the second stage, targeted questioning, with 280 people, at three levels: local people, 123 people, former and current government and administrative elites, 95 people, and academic elites, 62 people, was conducted in order to understand the factors affecting the formation and reproduction of shanty towns. A grounded theory approach was used to explain and analyze the collected data<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">. Results and discussion Using grounded theory analysis of local research propositions, the factors affecting the formation and reproduction of poverty spaces in urban peripheral areas are: Governmentality Governmentality, a concept introduced by the French philosopher Michel Foucault, combines the words “government” and “mentality.” It refers to a variety of techniques through which the state and social institutions manage, control, and direct the behavior of individuals and populations. In this study, these techniques include: Path Dependency, the primary factor influencing marginalized space formation around provincial cities is path dependency, manifested through four concepts: historical legacy; proximity to Afghanistan and Pakistan; border insecurity, and foreign migrants; Contextuality, encompasses: Geopolitical space (location and governance structures); Social structures (formal/informal institutions: family, education, religion, economy, politics); Power and inequality (relations of domination, discrimination, justice), which regulate social group interactions and impact livelihoods. This study identifies ten contextual concepts, including: Distance from Political-Economic Centers; Climate change; Unsustainable Resource Exploitation; Educational Disparities, Ineffective Policy Implementation; Land Rent-Seeking and Corruption; Discriminatory Practices; Inequitable Budget Allocation; Subsistence Production; and Judicial System Deficiencies; and Contingency, Contingency refers to phenomena whose existence is non-necessary but actualized under specific conditions. Four contingency-related concepts influencing informal settlement formation in the province include: Public Distrust; Informal Employment; Land Occupation by the Impoverished; and Population Retention. Institutional Authority Deficits Marginalized populations lack three sources of institutional authority, operationalized through economic-social isolation and these concepts: Poverty-Unemployment Dominance; Institutional Exclusion; and Skill Deficit. Support System Absence Marginalized groups lack three support pillars: Absence of Family/Community Support; Absence of Civil Society Support; and Lack of Government Support. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Conclusion The results showed that the formation and reproduction of poverty spaces in urban peripheral area of Sistan and Baluchestan is related to governmentality, lack of organizational authority, and lack of support resources. This neo-feudal superstructure claims special privileges for itself and does not enter the knowledge economy, as a result, it produced and reproduced shantytowns in urban peripheral areas. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Funding This work is based upon research funded by Iran National Foundation(INSF) under project No. 4036718. Authors’ Contribution The share and role of the first author, as the corresponding author, and the role of other authors as collaborators. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">This work is based upon research funded by Iran National Foundation(INSF) under project No. 4036718. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">این پژوهش روند فقر و محرومیت و چگونگی شکلگیری و بازتولید فضاهای فرودست در نواحی پیراشهری را مورد واکاوی قرار داده است. معرفتشناسی تحقیق را رئالیسم انتقادی تشکیل می‌دهد. استان سیستان و بلوچستان، به‌عنوان ناحیه موردمطالعه تحقیق انتخاب‌شده است. دادههای موردنیاز تحقیق، به دو روش فراهم‌شده است. در مرحله نخست، دادههای لازم از طریق اسناد مدون جمع‌آوری‌شده است. در مرحله دوم، جهت درک عوامل اثرگذار در شکل‌گیری سکونتگاه‌های فرودست و بازتولید آن، در سطح جامعه نمونه مراکز 26 شهرستان استان، به پرسشگری هدفمند، با 280 نفر، در سه سطح مردم محلی،<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">123نفر، نخبگان اداری، 95 نفر و نخبه‌های دانشگاهی‌، 62 نفر، اقدام شده است. تبیین داده<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">های<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">‌جمع‌آوری‌شده، با استفاده از رویکرد تئوری زمینه‌ای بوده است. نتیجه نشان داد که شکل‌گیری سکونتگاه‌های حاشیه‌ای با عامل حکومت‌مندی در ارتباط است. تسلط دیدگاه ایدئولوژیک سبب شده که اقتصاد نئولیبرالِ حاکم بر ایران، ترکیبی از سیاست‌های بازار آزاد و کنترل دولتی باشد<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">و<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">خصوصی‌سازی و آزادسازی‌ به گسترش رانت و فساد بیانجامد و بازار رقابتی شکل نگیرد. حکومت<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مندی مزبور، در بطن خود نوعی نظام نئوفئودالیته در بردارد که در آن شرکت‌های انحصاری بر بخش‌های حیاتی اقتصاد تسلط یافته<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">اند<span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">که مانع ورود به اقتصادِ دانش می‌شود و فقر و حاشیه‌نشینی تولید و بازتولید می‌کند.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_233207_3f029bce6c08dc925a0f6a5ce14f3fa8.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2025 12 22 Assessment of Governance in the Surrounding Villages of Zahedan ارزیابی حکمروایی روستاهای پیرامون زاهدان 37 54 223130 10.22034/jpusd.2025.487989.1324 FA مینو آریا دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. مصطفی طالشی استاد گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-9228-3532 هادی ویسی دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. Journal Article 2024 11 11 Introduction The accelerated trend of urbanization and the spatial expansion of Zahedan city have led to substantial transformations in the rural areas surrounding the urban core. These changes have not only affected the socio-economic fabric but also imposed new challenges in terms of governance and sustainable development. In such a context, applying the principles of good governance in rural management becomes essential. Good governance encompasses core dimensions such as participation, transparency, accountability, justice, and efficiency—principles that collectively aim to ensure inclusive development and improve the quality of life for rural populations. However, assessing the realization of these principles in rural settings, particularly in the peripheral villages of Zahedan, is complicated by diverse cultural, administrative, and infrastructural constraints. This study seeks to evaluate the current status of rural governance in the region by applying multi-criteria decision-making models to identify key priorities for policy and practice. Methodology This research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology and was conducted in two systematic stages. In the first stage, an extensive review of scholarly literature and governmental reports was undertaken to extract the main indicators and sub-indicators of good governance applicable to rural contexts. These included participation in decision-making, administrative transparency, government accountability, equitable service distribution, and institutional efficiency. In the second stage, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the TOPSIS model were employed to analyze and rank these indicators based on data collected from field surveys. Structured questionnaires were distributed among local rural managers, governance experts, and development practitioners operating in the Zahedan region. The responses were analyzed using AHP software to assign weights and determine the relative importance of governance components. Results and discussion The analysis revealed that "participation" and "accountability" emerged as the most critical dimensions of rural governance, with the highest weights assigned in the AHP hierarchy. These findings highlight the importance of involving local populations in decision-making processes and ensuring that authorities remain answerable to community needs and concerns. “Transparency” also scored high, especially due to its impact on building public trust and improving the responsiveness of local institutions. In contrast, the criterion of "justice"—particularly in terms of equal access to public services and infrastructure—was found to be significantly lacking. The unequal distribution of resources and insufficient state support continue to hinder rural development in the studied areas. Additionally, bureaucratic inefficiencies and the lack of skilled personnel in local institutions were identified as major obstacles to service delivery and project implementation, ultimately reducing public motivation to participate in developmental initiatives. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Conclusion The findings underscore that effective rural governance in the villages around Zahedan requires a multidimensional strategy that prioritizes community participation, institutional accountability, and enhanced transparency. For long-term improvement, local institutions must focus on capacity-building through training, inclusive planning, and community engagement mechanisms. Moreover, policy reforms aimed at improving justice and efficiency—especially through equitable resource allocation and administrative streamlining—are necessary to strengthen governance outcomes. By integrating these priorities within a structured evaluative framework, rural governance in the region can evolve toward more sustainable, participatory, and just systems of management. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">توسعه سریع و شتابان شهرگرایی در ایران و به‌ویژه در مناطق پیرامونی شهرهای بزرگ نظیر زاهدان، منجر به بروز چالش‌هایی در خصوص پایداری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی و افزایش مشکلات مدیریتی و اجتماعی در این مناطق شده است. یکی از راه‌های مقابله با این مشکلات، توجه به اصول حکمروایی خوب در این سکونتگاه‌ها است که می‌تواند بهبود کیفیت زندگی، پایداری اقتصادی و اجتماعی را در پی داشته باشد. این پژوهش باهدف ارزیابی حکمروایی خوب در روستاهای پیرامون شهر زاهدان و شناسایی مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار در این امر، انجام‌شده است. روش تحقیق این مطالعه از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است و از دو مدل تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره<span lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">TOPSIS<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">و<span lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">AHP<span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">برای سنجش و اولویت‌بندی معیارها استفاده‌شده است. در این راستا، داده‌ها از طریق مقایسات زوجی و تحلیل وزن‌های مختلف معیارهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیست‌محیطی و حکمرانی خوب در روستاها جمع‌آوری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که "حکمروایی خوب" با وزن نسبی 426/0 بیشترین اهمیت را در ارزیابی پایداری توسعه روستایی داشته و زیرمعیار "شفافیت" با وزن 416/0، مهم‌ترین عامل در این زمینه محسوب می‌شود. سایر معیارها شامل اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی به ترتیب با وزن‌های 250/0، 178/0 و 146/0 در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج تحلیل، روستای گاوداران با امتیاز 85/0 به دلیل مشارکت بالای مردمی و شفافیت در مدیریت، بهترین عملکرد را در میان روستاها داشت. در مقابل، روستای رسول‌آباد با امتیاز 42/0 در پایین‌ترین رتبه قرار گرفت و نشان‌دهنده ضعف در مؤلفه‌های حکمرانی خوب به‌ویژه شفافیت و مشارکت اجتماعی بود. این پژوهش بر اهمیت تقویت شفافیت مدیریتی و افزایش مشارکت اجتماعی در روستاها تأکید می‌کند و بیان می‌کند که این فرآیند می‌تواند به‌طور مستقیم به توسعه پایدار در ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی در نواحی پیراشهری منجر شود. این یافته‌ها می‌توانند به‌عنوان مبنای تصمیم‌گیری برای سیاست‌گذاران و مدیران محلی در تخصیص منابع و برنامه‌ریزی‌های توسعه‌ای در مناطق روستایی مورد استفاده قرار گیرند و بهبود کیفیت زندگی در این نواحی را تسهیل کنند<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_223130_84afefcb7ca4ef30137b13991de5e246.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2025 12 22 Designing a Model for Assessing the Impact of the Facilitation Approach on the urban and suburban Neighborhoods Regeneration Process in Mashhad City طراحی مدل تأثیرگذاری رویکرد تسهیلگری در فرآیند بازآفرینی محلات شهری و پیراشهری مشهد 55 80 226522 10.22034/jpusd.2025.524980.1345 FA حسین آقاجانی استادیار گروه توسعه پایدار شهری و منطقه‌ای، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران. 0000-0001-5370-2143 ساجده باغبان گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه خیام، مشهد، ایران. 0000-0001-6660-9263 حمید مسعودی استادیار گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. 0000-0003-0497-434X Journal Article 2025 05 20 Introduction <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">" Approximately 5,000 hectares of Mashhad City have been designated as targeted areas for regeneration. This zone includes 35 neighborhoods within the city, and by 2021, 32 neighborhood development offices had been established as part of the regeneration efforts. However, it appears that a lack of awareness among municipal managers and related organizations regarding the nature and mechanisms of regeneration and facilitation offices—coupled with varying expectations about the activities and performance of these offices—has led to delays and disruptions in the regeneration process. This situation poses significant challenges to effective interaction and coordination in the implementation of regeneration programs. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop a model that assesses the impact of the facilitation approach on the urban and peri-urban neighborhood regeneration process in Mashhad, utilizing structural equation modeling. In this study, after defining the variables and components and gathering insights from members of Mashhad's municipal council, the opinions of managers were evaluated and subsequently modeled to identify the most influential variables and components that shape the facilitation approach within the regeneration process. Methodology The approach adopted in this research is descriptive-analytical. In the first stage, necessary data were collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire, while in the second stage, data analysis and modeling were performed. The statistical population consisted of members of the Mashhad Municipality’s administrative council, from which 100 individuals were selected via simple cluster sampling to complete the questionnaire. To assess the validity and content validity of the questionnaire, factor analysis was employed, confirming validity at a 95% confidence level. The reliability of the instrument and its components was also established using Cronbach’s alpha, which was calculated at 0.948. After collecting the opinions of the council members regarding the various components, the relationships among the variables were modeled using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software. During the modeling process, key statistical indicators such as factor loadings, t-statistics, R² coefficients, and correlation coefficients were evaluated to validate the relationships. Results and discussion Analysis of the data collected from the questionnaire reveals that the selected sample of managers and experts from Mashhad Municipality’s Administrative Council exhibits a moderate level of familiarity with the various processes and activities related to facilitation. The respondents generally evaluate the performance of facilitation offices across different domains as average. However, they believe that the connection between these offices and the municipality is predominantly effective in addressing citizens’ issues. Additionally, while their overall assessment of neighborhood development—both economically and physically—is moderate, they rate the offices’ success in the realm of social development as high. The influence of facilitation offices on the municipality’s regeneration efforts, as well as their responsiveness to municipal initiatives, are both considered moderate. Overall, the Mashhad Municipality’s Administrative Council expresses a moderate level of satisfaction with the performance of facilitation offices across various fields. Although their confidence in this planning approach and their willingness to pursue such initiatives are moderate, there is considerable support for the establishment and continued operation of these offices.. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Conclusion The results derived from the developed model in this section of the research indicate that the level of familiarity of the Administrative Council with the facilitation process, as an independent variable, has a stronger effect on their performance evaluation of the facilitation offices, which serve as a mediating variable. Additionally, the influence and receptiveness of the facilitation offices, as dependent variables, are significantly affected by the performance evaluations conducted by the Administrative Council. Based on the correlation coefficients and R² values obtained, familiarity with the facilitation approach explains 51.2% of the variance in the managers' performance evaluations. However, familiarity does not predict the level of agreement among them. Conversely, the mediating variables can predict 51.6% of the influence and receptiveness of facilitation offices from the perspective of urban managers, indicating that over half of the influence and receptiveness of the facilitation approach depends on the components examined in this study. An analysis of the factor loadings at a 95% confidence level also reveals that components such as the effectiveness of the municipality’s actions in fostering motivation and interaction between facilitation office management and municipal authorities, familiarity with initiatives for residents' economic empowerment, the continuity of office activities, the offices’ adaptability to demand strategy changes, and their effectiveness in enhancing public trust and citizen participation are the most significant. These components, with the highest factor loadings, sufficiently explain the related variables. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">دفاتر تسهیلگری باهدف بازآفرینی محلات ناکارآمد شهر مشهد از سال 1398 آغاز به کار نموده‌اند اما عوامل متعددی منجر به ناکارآمدی این دفاتر و <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">کاهش تحقق اهداف بازآفرینی شده است<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">. بنابراین این پژوهش باهدف طراحی مدل تأثیرگذاری رویکرد تسهیلگری در فرایند بازآفرینی محلات شهری و پیراشهری مشهد، از رویکرد معادلات ساختاری در نرم‌افزار <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">SmartPLS<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"> و روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی بهره‌مند شده است. جامعه آماری شامل 100 نفر از مدیران ارشد و میانی شهرداری است که به روش خوشه‌ای محض نمونه‌گیری شده‌اند. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته شامل 100 متغیر است که درقالب 5 بعد دسته‌بندی‌شده است:<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">1.میزان آشنایی مدیران با فرایند تسهیلگری، 2.عملکرد دفاتر تسهیلگری، 3.رضایت از عملکرد دفاتر تسهیلگری، 4.میزان موافقت با دفاتر تسهیلگری و 5.میزان اثرگذاری و اثرپذیری آن‌ها. در راستای تحقق هدف پژوهش، <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">ابتدا نظرات نمونه موردبررسی درباره متغیرهای تأثیرگذار در پژوهش جمع‌آوری و سپس وارد مدل معادلات ساختاری شده‌اند<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">. نتایج مستخرج از مدل نشان داد که میزان آشنایی شورای اداری با فرایند تسهیلگری به‌عنوان متغیر مستقل قدرت اثر بیشتری بر ارزیابی عملکرد آن‌ها از دفاتر تسهیلگری به‌عنوان متغیر میانجی دارد و تأثیرگذاری<span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">دفاتر تسهیلگری به‌عنوان متغیر وابسته، بیش‌تر از ارزیابی عملکرد دفاتر توسط شورای اداری تأثیر می‌پذیرد. <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">با توجه به ضرایب همبستگی به‌دست‌آمده و میزان<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">R2<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">، میزان آشنایی با رویکرد تسهیلگری می‌تواند به میزان 2/51 درصد از ارزیابی عملکرد مدیران نسبت به رویکرد تسهیلگری را مشخص ‌کند. از طرف دیگر متغیرهای میانجی می‌توانند 6/51 درصد از میزان اثرگذاری دفاتر تسهیلگری را از دیدگاه مدیران شهری پیش‌بینی نمایند<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_226522_61afda3757ab2b2912fbc5280ce11f57.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2025 12 22 A Toponymic Study of Rural and Peri-Urban Settlements in Birjand County with an Emphasis on Geographical Elements جای‌نام‌شناسی سکونت‌گاه‌های روستایی و پیراشهری در شهرستان بیرجند با تأکید بر مؤلفه‌های جغرافیایی 81 110 233005 10.22034/jpusd.2025.531866.1349 FA زهرا سابقی دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد زبان‌شناسی، گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. 0009-0003-0157-839X حسن امامی استادیار زبان‌شناسی، گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. 0009-0003-0157-839X جلیل الله فاروقی هندوالان دانشیار زبان‌شناسی، گروه زبان انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران. 0009-0009-3877-1760 Journal Article 2025 07 01 Introduction Toponyms, as linguistic and cultural heritage, are transmitted across generations, carrying valuable information about identity, history, and human interaction with the natural environment. They possess three intrinsic dimensions: geographical, linguistic, and historical. Consequently, toponymy occupies a pivotal interdisciplinary nexus among geography, linguistics, and history. This field assumes particular significance in peri-urban contexts, as villages—among the oldest human settlements—preserve multiple layers of history, culture, and environmental interaction. Peri-urban toponyms often predate urban names and are less altered by political or administrative changes. Natural features, particularly water resources, play a prominent role in village naming, given water’s longstanding status as a vital and sacred element in the formation of human habitats. Rivers, springs, and qanats are not only essential for livelihood and agriculture but also hold a distinctive place in Iranian culture. Water symbolizes purity, faith, and fertility, with deep reverence evident in religious, historical, and literary texts; notably, several Yashts in the Avesta are dedicated to water veneration. This significance is amplified in regions like South Khorasan, which have endured severe droughts and currently face intensified water scarcity. Toponyms are classified into three main categories based on their referents: (a) oikonyms, relating to settlements such as cities, villages, and neighborhoods; (b) hydronyms, denoting water bodies and features; and (c) oronyms, referring to landforms such as hills and mountains. Toponyms can also be categorized by their constituent elements. Among these, elements related to geography include hydrotoponyms, orotoponyms, phytotoponyms, zootoponyms, and cosmotoponyms (celestial-related). This study is innovative in both its subject and approach, as, to the author’s knowledge, no systematic research has focused on the linguistic and geographical analysis of natural phenomenon-related toponyms in Birjand’s rural areas. While limited studies exist on toponymy or village etymology in Birjand, a dedicated interdisciplinary investigation categorizing rural names by natural elements is unprecedented. Beyond enhancing understanding of human-environment relationships, this research has practical implications for peri-urban development planning, natural resource management, and cultural heritage preservation. Additionally, it contributes to revitalizing ancient languages and local dialects, since many village names in this province trace back to Old and Middle Persian roots. Accordingly, this study examines natural phenomenon-related toponyms in Birjand County, elucidating natural influences on naming practices alongside their linguistic analysis. Methodology This qualitative study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology focusing on two stages: data collection and data analysis. The research utilized library research and fieldwork—including observations and interviews with local residents— to gather insights about village names and naming factors in Birjand County. Although villagers’ interpretations were primarily popular etymologies lacking scientific foundation, they were used cautiously to complement analyses in specific cases. Birjand County comprises one central district and six rural districts: Shākhen, Shākhenāt, Alqurāt, Fashārud, Kāhshang, and Bāqerān. Out of 432 villages in Birjand County, 127 are uninhabited, and over half of the inhabited ones have experienced significant depopulation or seasonal occupation. Therefore, a list of villages with over 20 households, compiled by the Birjand County Governor’s Office, was used. Samples meeting specific criteria whose names referred to distinct geographical features were selected for analysis. Collected toponyms were analyzed based on meaning, morphological structure, and linguistic evolution, and categorized into five groups: hydrotoponyms, orotoponyms, phytotoponyms, zootoponyms, and cosmotoponyms. Each category reflects specific geographical characteristics and contributes to understanding the relationship between place-naming and the region’s natural conditions. Results and discussion The etymology of village names in Birjand County reveals a profound connection to ancient Iranian languages such as Avestan and Old Persian, reflecting the region’s deep historical roots along with its enduring beliefs and customs. Many village names derive from terms associated with water sources—qanats, wells, and springs—highlighting water’s vital importance in Birjand’s desert environment. Orotoponyms in Birjand often reference villages’ geographical settings in mountainous, foothill, or valley areas. For instance, “Pasuj” originates from Old Iranian pãskui, meaning “behind the mountain,” while “Tangal” in the local dialect denotes “a narrow valley between two mountains through which water flows.” This pattern indicates that most settlements developed near springs in mountainous regions. Phytotoponyms reflect the diversity of plant species adapted to the hot, arid climate, including willow, grapevine, conifer, frankincense, and tamarisk. Some village names derive from local animal species, indicating their historical presence; examples include “Asban” (horse), “Bozquch” (goat and ram), “Tag-e Oshtoran” (camel), and “Varqaneh” (wolf). The significance of celestial elements—especially the sun and moon—in ancient Iranian culture is evident not only in mythology, rituals, visual arts, and literature but also in place-naming practices. This is exemplified by village names such as “Masen,” “Mahuk,” “Mahusk,” and “Mahyabad”, all incorporate the word for “moon,” while “Khorashad”, includes the word for “sun.” These names illustrate the deep interconnection between nature, mythology, and local identity in this region. Conclusion The examination of rural and peri-urban toponyms in Birjand County reveals that these names are profoundly influenced by the region’s historical, linguistic, and especially geographical characteristics. The analysis further indicates a strong connection between toponyms and ancient beliefs, customs, and traditions, reflecting the area’s long-standing heritage. Beyond representing local cultural and national identity, toponyms mirror environmental features and climatic changes. In this study, Birjand’s rural toponyms were categorized into five groups: hydrotoponyms, orotoponyms, phytotoponyms, zootoponyms, and cosmotoponyms. The prominence of hydrotoponyms highlights water’s vital and sacred role; the high frequency of water-related names underscores water’s key role in settlement formation, its cultural sanctity, and human interaction with the region’s arid climate. Some toponyms identified in Birjand are also found in other parts of Iran, suggesting the need for further comparative research to explore naming conventions across regions. Such studies could enhance understanding of local communities’ geographical and historical structures and open new avenues for future research. The findings can contribute to peri-urban development planning; understanding place names and their origins aids in identifying sustainable development patterns and preserving cultural and linguistic heritage. Ultimately, this study emphasizes toponymy’s importance in safeguarding cultural heritage, guiding peri-urban development, preserving ancient languages, and deepening our understanding of the interplay between humans, nature, and history in the region. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">مقاله حاضر به بررسی کَده‌نام‌های روستایی مرتبط با پدیده‌های طبیعی در شهرستان بیرجند می‌پردازد و نقش عوامل جغرافیایی، زبانی و تاریخی را در شکل‌گیری و تحول این نام‌ها تحلیل می‌کند. کده‌نام‌ها به عنوان میراث زبانی و فرهنگی، حامل اطلاعات ارزشمندی درباره هویت، تاریخ و تعامل انسان با محیط طبیعی‌اند و در مناطق روستایی و پیراشهری، به دلیل قدمت و ثبات بیشتر اسامی، لایه‌های عمیق‌تری از فرهنگ، تاریخ و جغرافیا را منعکس می‌کنند. این مطالعه با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی، جای‌نام‌های روستایی را براساس عناصر تشکیل‌دهنده طبیعی آن‌ها به پنج گروه آب‌جای‌نام، شیب‌جای‌نام، گیاه‌جای‌نام، جانور‌جای‌نام و کیهان‌جای‌نام تقسیم‌بندی و تحلیل می‌کند. آب‌جای‌نام‌ها به وجود منابع آبی و اهمیت آب در منطقه اشاره دارند و سایر گروه‌ها نیز بازتاب‌دهنده ویژگی‌های توپوگرافی، پوشش گیاهی، حیات‌وحش و باورهای کیهانی ساکنان‌ هستند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که در نام‌گذاری روستاها، منابع طبیعی به‌ویژه آب، جایگاهی محوری دارند؛ چراکه آب اساسی‌ترین عامل شکل‌گیری سکونت‌گاه‌هاست. همچنین، بسامد بالای واژه‌های مرتبط با آب در نام روستاهای خراسان جنوبی، بیانگر اهمیت و تقدس آن در زندگانی و فرهنگ مردمان این دیار است. تحلیل ریشه‌شناختی و زبان‌شناختی نام‌ها، علاوه بر روشن‌سازی ارتباط انسان با طبیعت، می‌تواند در حفظ و احیای زبان‌های کهن، گویش‌های محلی و حفاظت از میراث فرهنگی منطقه مؤثر نیز باشد؛ چراکه بسیاری از نام‌های روستایی در این استان ریشه در زبان‌های فارسی باستان و میانه دارند<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_233005_67e224c6c5f0bb40fc3bae0e09ba722a.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2025 12 22 Evaluation of Citizen Participation and Satisfaction in Garbage Collection in Urban Peripheral Areas (Case Study: Zahedan City) ارزیابی مشارکت و رضایتمندی شهروندان در جمع آوری زباله در نواحی پیراشهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر زاهدان) 111 136 233004 10.22034/jpusd.2025.533916.1353 FA محبوبه حمیدی دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران. 0009-0000-7550-0200 مریم کریمیان بستانی دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران. 0009-0009-3818-7652 حسین ملاشاهی استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران. 0009-0001-9062-660X Journal Article 2025 07 11 Introduction <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Effective waste management in urban areas, especially with active citizen participation, not only directly impacts environmental health and pollution reduction but also plays a key role in improving residents' quality of life. Since suburban areas often lack adequate urban services, voluntary citizen involvement in waste collection can help reduce waste management costs and enhance the efficiency of recycling systems. Moreover, assessing their satisfaction reveals the strengths and weaknesses of current programs, paving the way for people-centered and sustainable policies. Ultimately, promoting a culture of social responsibility in this area can serve as a successful model for other regions. Zahedan, the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan Province, has witnessed significant population growth in recent years due to migration from surrounding villages and towns. The scarcity and high cost of land in the city center have led migrants to settle in suburban and urban peripheral areas. Factors such as natural population growth, migration, expansion of services, and various development projects have brought about major demographic and structural changes. The city's strategic location has further contributed to population growth, resulting in a substantial increase in municipal waste generation. Currently, Zahedan produces 350 tons of waste per day (approximately 127,750 tons annually), ranking first in waste generation in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The per capita waste production in Zahedan ranges between 250 to 450 grams per person per day. Among various urban management organizations, the municipality plays a crucial role as it interacts closely with citizens. Sustainable and comprehensive urban development can only be achieved when residents are satisfied with municipal services. Citizen satisfaction with urban environments and municipal services particularly in urban planning is a key factor in motivating public participation in urban development and improving living conditions. However, neglecting waste management has led to increased pollution and declining public health standards. Given the massive volume of waste generated in Zahedanmuch of which contains recyclable materials the success or failure of waste management efforts largely depends on citizen satisfaction and participation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the level of citizen participation and satisfaction in waste collection processes in Zahedan urban peripheral areas. Methodology This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach with an applied objective. The required data was collected through library research and survey methods. The study population consists of residents from Zahedan urban peripheral areas (Gaodaran, Siyadak, and Mohammadabad), with a sample size of 330 individuals selected using Cochran's formula and analyzed through simple random sampling. The research indicators include variables related to participation (14 items), service provision (8 items), social and cultural factors (7 items), environmental aspects (6 items), and technical and infrastructural dimensions (7 items). The primary tool for data analysis was SPSS software. Results and discussion Findings indicate that residents' participation in waste collection in Zahedan is unsatisfactory, with an average score of 2.711. Similarly, citizens' satisfaction with the Zahedan Municipality's waste collection services was evaluated as unfavorable across various indicators: service-related (average 2.913), socio-cultural (average 2.905), environmental (average 2.845), and technical-infrastructural (average 2.903). <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Conclusion The current waste management situation in Zahedan, particularly in its urban peripheral areas, requires fundamental transformation. Although the municipality has made efforts in certain aspects, the widespread public dissatisfaction and low community participation reveal a gap between policy-making and implementation. By combining public education, infrastructure improvement, and fostering public trust, there is hope for significant long-term progress in the city's waste collection system and environmental health. Such improvements would not only enhance urban cleanliness but also directly benefit public health and the overall quality of life for Zahedan's residents. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">مشارکت و رضایتمندی شهروندان در جمع‌آوری زباله در نواحی پیراشهری از عوامل مؤثر در مدیریت پسماند و توسعه پایدار این مناطق است. ارزیابی میزان همکاری و نظرات ساکنان می‌تواند به شناسایی چالش‌ها، بهبود برنامه‌ریزی‌ها و افزایش اثربخشی اقدامات کمک کند. این مطالعه با بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت شهروندان، راهکارهایی را برای بهبود سیستم جمع‌آوری زباله و ارتقای رضایتمندی ارائه می‌دهد. لذا هدف تحقیق حاضر، ارزیابی مشارکت و رضایتمندی شهروندان در جمع<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">آوری زباله در نواحی پیراشهری زاهدان است. روش این پژوهش توصیفی - تحلیلی و هدف آن کاربردی است. برای گردآوری اطلاعات موردنیاز از روش کتابخانه<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">ای و میدانی استفاده گردید. جامعه آماری، جمعیت ساکنین نواحی پیراشهری زاهدان (گاوداران، سیادک و محمدآباد) می<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">باشد که 330 نفر به‌عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده<span lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">‎ها و اطلاعات پژوهش، نرم<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">افزار <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">SPSS<span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">است. براساس یافته<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">های تحقیق، مشارکت ساکنین در جمع<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">آوری زباله در شهر زاهدان با میانگین 711/2 نامطلوب است. میزان رضایت<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">مندی شهروندان از شهرداری زاهدان در جمع<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">آوری زباله با توجه به شاخص<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">های خدماتی با میانگین 913/2، اجتماعی- فرهنگی با میانگین 905/2، محیط<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"><span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">زیست با میانگین 845/2 و فنی و عمرانی با میانگین 903/2 نامطلوب ارزیابی‌شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان‌دهنده وضعیت نامطلوب مشارکت شهروندان زاهدانی در جمع‌آوری زباله و رضایت‌نداشتن آنان از عملکرد شهرداری در ابعاد خدماتی، اجتماعی-فرهنگی، محیط‌زیست و فنی است. این یافته‌ها ضرورت بازنگری جدی در سیاست‌ها و بهبود مدیریت پسماند را برای جلب مشارکت عمومی و ارتقای کیفیت خدمات آشکار می‌سازد.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_233004_2792d72c1325f568dd1beee020255be0.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2025 12 22 Identifying Factors Affecting the Regeneration of Deteriorated Urban Textures in Peri-Urban Spaces: Case Study Varamin City شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر بازآفرینی بافت‌های فرسوده در فضاهای پیرا کلان‌شهری(مورد مطالعه: شهر ورامین) 137 164 213322 10.22034/jpusd.2025.492336.1326 FA میترا سادات عطری گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. 0009-0000-8181-859X احمد زنگانه گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-5540-2985 حمیدرضا تلخابی گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران. 0000-0003-2335-6416 Journal Article 2024 12 05 Introduction <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The deteriorated urban textures in peri-metropolitan areas have become unsafe and uninhabitable due to the decline of infrastructure and various social and economic challenges. In Varamin, a city with a rich cultural history surrounding Tehran, the necessity of revitalizing these areas to improve the quality of life and enhance the environmental and social conditions for residents is evident. These areas are often referred to as historical and cultural mosaics, and their revitalization can help preserve local identity while creating dynamic public spaces. The aim of this article is to identify the factors affecting the regeneration of these urban textures based on the principles of New Urbanism and to propose solutions such as upgrading urban infrastructure, increasing social interactions, and improving the quality of public spaces. The active participation of residents in the planning and implementation processes of projects is crucial; it can help identify genuine needs and foster a sense of belonging among community members. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Creating suitable public spaces for cultural, social, and recreational activities can significantly enhance residents’ quality of life. Additionally, designing green spaces, parks, and walking paths contributes to the physical and mental well-being of the community. The integration of modern technologies and smart urban management practices can further improve the efficiency of the regeneration process. Establishing effective public transportation networks will facilitate residents’ access to urban services and help reduce traffic congestion and air pollution.With this comprehensive approach, we can aspire to the sustainable reconstruction of Varamin’s deteriorated urban textures, ultimately improving the quality of life for its residents. These measures can strengthen local identity, foster a dynamic and participatory community, and serve as a successful model for other similar areas across the country. Methodology The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner and falls within the applied research category in terms of purpose. The collection of research resources and data was carried out through two methods: library research and field surveys (using questionnaires distributed to local residents). By employing factor analysis within the SPSS software environment, the main factors were identified, plotted, and analyzed on relevant maps using GIS software.The study area for this research encompasses the approved dilapidated urban areas of Varamin city, which is located 35 kilometers southeast of Tehran. Varamin covers an area of 2,635 hectares and has a population of 225,628 people. The dilapidated urban areas of Varamin are divided into three distinct sections, covering a total of 417.82 hectares, which constitutes 16 percent of the city’s total area. Approximately 32.1% of the population and 30.4% of households reside in this area. The dilapidated region, measuring 354.84 hectares, accounts for 13.47 percent of the entire city, with the highest percentage associated with the oil extraction area in the central part. Results and discussion The results of the study indicate that out of all the measured indicators, 13 factors were identified, accounting for a total of 83 percent of the cumulative variance. These factors, listed in order of importance, include: “urban infrastructure,” “social infrastructure,” “traditionalism,” “housing diversity,” “conflicts,” “safety,” “economic organization,” “cultural promotion,” “social welfare,” “vitality,” “accessibility,” “space-building,” “central neighborhood,” and “affordable housing.” Notably, the first six factors account for 52 percent of the cumulative variance and are deemed the most significant for regeneration efforts. The findings reveal that certain criteria, such as the development of walking spaces, sports activities, and increased residential density, received high scores, indicating success in creating appropriate infrastructure and efficient public spaces. These improvements can enhance the quality of life for residents and foster social interactions. Additionally, well-designed pedestrian spaces encourage the use of non-motorized transportation and promote physical activity. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the dilapidated urban fabric of Varamin, a significant peri-metropolitan area with historical and political importance, is generally poorly aligned with the principles of New Urbanism. This low compatibility is attributed to several factors, including a lack of diversity in land use, insufficient public spaces, issues within transportation networks, unsustainable urban design, and weaknesses in public transportation infrastructure. The presence of dilapidated and inefficient structures, particularly in historical and older areas, poses significant obstacles to implementing these principles. In comparison to findings from other studies, such as the work of Kalantari et al. (2022), which demonstrates that New Urbanism can enhance the sense of place and quality of life, the results of the present study similarly highlight that the lack of public spaces and diversity in land use in Varamin hampers the improvement of residents’ quality of life. Additionally, international studies, such as the research conducted by Irvan and Ravu (2019), emphasize the importance of reducing car dependency and increasing public transportation usage, which aligns with the findings of this study. The weak public transportation infrastructure in Varamin has led to a greater reliance on private vehicles, contributing to traffic congestion and pollution, which contradicts Jay Lan’s (2017) findings regarding the positive impact of new suburban development on increasing access to transportation stations. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with those of other research and indicate that to improve the situation in Varamin and align with the principles of New Urbanism, it is essential to address community needs and enhance infrastructure. These measures can significantly improve the quality of life for residents and transform Varamin into a sustainable and attractive city. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">بافت‌های فرسوده شهری در فضاهای پیراکلان‌شهری سهم قابل‌توجهی از پهنه‌های کشور را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند و به دلیل فرسودگی زیرساخت‌ها و مشکلات اجتماعی و اقتصادی، به مکان‌هایی ناامن و غیرقابل‌سکونت تبدیل‌شده‌اند. با توجه تاریخچه فرهنگی طولانی شهر ورامین به‌عنوان یکی از شهرهای پیرامون کلان‌شهر تهران، ضرورت بازآفرینی این بافت‌ها برای بهبود کیفیت زندگی ساکنان و ارتقاء شرایط زیست‌محیطی و اجتماعی این مناطق به‌وضوح نمایان است. هدف این مقاله شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر بازآفرینی بافت‌های فرسوده شهری شهر ورامین به‌عنوان فضای پیرا کلان‌شهری بر مبنای نظریه نوشهرگرایی است. پژوهش حاضر به شیوه توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام‌شده و به لحاظ هدف در گروه پژوهش‌های کاربردی قرار دارد. جمع‌آوری منابع و داده<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">های پژوهش به دو شیوه کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی در قالب نظرسنجی(پرسشنامه از ساکنان محلی) انجام‌شده است و با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل عاملی در محیط از نرم‌افزار <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">SPSS<span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">عوامل اصلی شناسایی‌شده و در نقشه‌های مربوطه با استفاده از و نرم‌افزار <span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">GIS<span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">ترسیم و تحلیل‌شده‌اند. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که از کل شاخص‌های موردسنجش در این پژوهش، تعداد 13 عامل شناسایی گردید که درمجموع 83 درصد از کل واریانس تجمعی را به خود اختصاص داده‌اند. این عامل‌ها به ترتیب اهمیت عبارت‌اند از: <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">"<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">زیرساخت‌های شهری<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">"<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">، <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">"<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">زیرساخت‌های اجتماعی، <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">"<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">سنت‌گرایی<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">"<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">، <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">"<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">تنوع مسکن<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Cambria',serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">"<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">، "تعارض‌ها"، "ایمنی"، "ساماندهی اقتصادی"، "ارتقای فرهنگ"، "رفاه اجتماعی"، "سرزندگی"، "دسترسی"، "فضاسازی" و "محله محوری" و "مسکن قابل استطاعت". همچنین 6 عامل اول 52 درصد از واریانس تجمعی را شامل می‌شوند و بیشترین اهمیت را در بازآفرینی دارند.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_213322_5e85307fba44908193ed2652dbb48b18.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2025 12 22 Analysis of the Physical Vulnerability of the Urban Fabric of Talesh and Its Surrounding Areas to Earthquake Hazards تحلیل آسیب‌پذیری فیزیکی بافت شهری تالش و فضاهای پیرامونی آن در برابر مخاطره زمین‌لرزه 165 190 233576 10.22034/jpusd.2025.538096.1360 FA داریوش محمدی اوتاری دانشجوی دکتری، جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران. 0000-0003-0489-5457 رسول صمدزاده دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران 0000-0003-0489-5457 محمدتقی معصومی استادیارگروه جغرافیا، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران 0000-0001-6949-6911 Journal Article 2025 07 30 Introduction <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Nowadays, cities across various regions are increasingly exposed to physical damage caused by natural hazards due to multiple factors. These hazards continue to result in significant human and financial losses, necessitating urgent and preventive measures. Although recent years have seen efforts to mitigate natural risks through urban development planning, the rapid growth of most cities has, in turn, led to an escalation in the level of natural hazards within urban areas. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">In this context, the cities of Gilan Province host the highest concentration of human resources, investments, economic initiatives, and infrastructure. However, due to excessive centralization and improper land-use planning—particularly for high-risk functions such as fossil fuel stations, airports, and others—these cities face significant physical threats. Additional contributing factors include non-compliance with access standards (e.g., disproportionate building and street layouts), the presence of numerous bridges (including underpasses and river crossings), disregard for river buffer zones, minimal attention to climatic elements such as prevailing winds and precipitation in construction practices, and the lack of balanced and standardized access distances in the distribution of emergency services like hospitals and fire stations. Talesh city is no exception. Located in the western part of Gilan Province, it accounts for 25% of the province’s land area. It is bordered on three sides by the Talesh Mountains, which are an extension of the Alborz range, and on the fourth side by the Caspian Sea. Historically, the city has experienced natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes. Given its location on a fault line, the likelihood of future earthquakes is high. Therefore, the researcher aims to provide a reliable assessment of the city’s physical vulnerability to earthquakes using GIS software, based on spatial and descriptive data of its key components and elements. Methodology The present study aims to examine the physical vulnerability of the urban fabric of Talesh in the face of earthquake hazards. Accordingly, the research is applied in nature and employs a quantitative methodology based on library research, document analysis, and field studies. To analyze the data and information, the study utilizes EXPERT CHOICE software, fuzzy logic models, and GIS to assess the spatial arrangement of the phenomena under investigation. Results and discussion The findings of this study clearly indicate that Talesh’s vulnerability to earthquakes is not merely a geophysical issue, but rather a prime example of a “planned disaster.” Although the majority of the area falls within low to moderate vulnerability categories, the concentration of population and critical infrastructure in zones classified as high and very high vulnerability—mostly aligned with fault lines—places the city as a whole under serious threat. This aligns with the findings of Khodadadi et al. (2020). This paradox—low-vulnerability zones adjacent to potentially catastrophic hazards—reveals that the core problem stems from “managerial fault lines”: improper urban siting, fragmented and unprincipled land parceling, and disregard for minimum safety standards in street widths. These factors have effectively turned Talesh into a city built atop a seismic minefield, where human decisions have exponentially amplified the inherent natural risk <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Conclusion The results of this study clearly demonstrate that three key factors—distance from fault lines, parcel size, and street width—are the most decisive indicators of Talesh’s physical vulnerability to earthquakes. Specifically, as the distance from active faults increases, parcel sizes grow larger, and streets become wider, the level of vulnerability significantly decreases. These findings strongly suggest that the city’s susceptibility to natural disasters is largely a consequence of urban planning choices and physical development management, rather than an unavoidable natural threat. Therefore, any risk reduction strategy in Talesh must focus on interventions targeting these three factors: prohibiting construction within fault zones, consolidating fragmented land parcels, and standardizing street widths. Such measures not only reduce human casualties but also enhance the city’s capacity for effective emergency response. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسی؛ آسیبپذیری فیزیکی بافت شهری در مقابل خطر زمینلرزه در فضاهای پیرامونی شهر تالش انجام‌شده است، ازاین‌رو به لحاظ هدف کاربردی، و ازنظر هدف روش کمی و مبتنی بر مطالعات کتابخانه<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;"><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">ای، اسنادی و میدانی است. همچنین در راستای تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات از محیط نرم‌افزار <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">GIS<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">، <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">EXPERT CHOICE<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">، و مدل فازی استفاده‌شده است. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">نتایج نشان داد، که از 904 هکتار منطقه موردمطالعه 521 هکتار(63/57 درصد) در وضعیت آسیبپذیری کم، 140 هکتار(48/15 درصد) در وضعیت آسیبپذیری خیلی کم، 117 هکتار(94/12 درصد) در وضعیت آسیب‌پذیری متوسط، 87 هکتار(62/9 درصد) در وضعیت آسیبپذیری زیاد و تنها 70 هکتار(74/7 درصد) در وضعیت آسیب‌پذیری خیلی زیاد قرار دارد.<span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">همچنین نتایج مبنی بر آن است که از بین شاخصهای موردمطالعه به ترتیب: تراکم جمعیت با مقدار وزن 77/0، کیفیت ابنیه با مقدار 74/0، مساحت قطعات با مقدار 68/0، در <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">آسیبپذیری فیزیکی شهر تالش در برابر زلزله<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ligatures: standardcontextual; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> بیشترین اهمیت را شامل شدهاند<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_233576_e9065e5e26a0c25b7dfe7b26681fcae9.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 7 4 2025 12 22 Infrastructure and rural development in Urban Peripheral Saqqez زیرساخت و توسعه روستایی در فضاهای پیراشهری سقز 191 214 234692 10.22034/jpusd.2025.555138.1379 FA داود جمینی استادیار،گروه ژئومورفولوژی، دانشکده‌ منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه‌کردستان، سنندج، ایران‌(پژوهشگر پاره‌وقت پژوهشکده کردستان‌شناسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران). 0000-0003-2061-4387 Journal Article 2025 10 24 Introduction Due to the key position and role of infrastructure in the process of achieving sustainable rural development, one of the most important measures is the development of the infrastructure they need in various fields of education, health, transportation, communications, etc., which is a priority in the planning of most governments. Infrastructure in rural areas, such as roads, hospitals, educational institutions, irrigation canals, water supply, electricity and telecommunications, helps to facilitate growth and meet basic needs and useful activities in the rural area and directly and indirectly affects economic growth. The most obvious direct connection is through the effect on productivity in the agricultural, industrial and service sectors. For this reason, investing in infrastructure is one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the World Bank has helped developing countries to build public infrastructure in order to promote inclusive growth, create jobs and stimulate sustainable development of infrastructure. In general, infrastructure forms the basis of people's livelihoods and without infrastructure, full life in rural areas is impossible. The lack of infrastructure makes rural areas a hopeless place to live and work. The rural population of Saqqez County, following the provincial and national trends, has faced a decline in rural population in recent decades. The rural population of this county has decreased from 73,391 people in 2006 to 58,092 people in 2016, and given the lack of a census in recent years, this decline is likely to have continued. In this context, the decline in rural population is a serious crisis that is evident at all spatial levels (local, regional, national, and international). Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the population of rural settlements is of great importance, and identifying them can provide a suitable cognitive basis for policymakers and rural development planners. Therefore, considering the importance of infrastructure in the rural development process and the decline in population at different spatial levels, examining the effect of infrastructure on rural population is the main issue of the present study, which was conducted as a case study among 29 peri-urban villages of Saqqez City. Methodology Based on the presented classifications of research methods in the field of humanities, the present study is in the applied research group in terms of purpose, and in terms of nature and method, a combination of correlational and causal methods has been used in it. In order to achieve the main objective of the research, a combination of documentary and field methods has been used for collection. In general, the research process has been carried out through various and continuous stages, which are described below. Stage 1) Review of literature related to the subject under study Stage 2) Collecting the required data Stage 3) Investigating the correlation between the population of peri-urban villages and rural infrastructure Stage 4) Identifying the most important determinants of the population of peri-urban villages Stage 5) Identifying and prioritizing operational solutions to strengthen the key determinants of the population of peri-urban villages. Results and discussion The results of the final regression model fitted to the most important determinants of rural population showed that the model was able to explain 73.3% of the variance of the dependent variable of the study. The results also showed that the most important factors affecting the population of peri-urban villages based on the standardized regression effect coefficients (Beta) are: telecommunications and communications (0.496), education (0.347), and culture and sports (0.274). The results of identifying and prioritizing operational solutions to strengthen the key determinants of the population of peri-urban villages showed that equipping and strengthening rural public transportation (through launching a rural bus fleet to the city of Saqqez on a continuous and planned basis) was the most important solution according to researchers and experts in rural and urban development. <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Conclusion Based on the overall results obtained and in line with the sustainability of the population of peri-urban villages, it seems necessary to pay attention to rural infrastructure, and among them, infrastructure related to telecommunications, education, and culture and sports can largely guarantee the sustainability of the population in these geographical spaces. To develop and strengthen these infrastructures, there are three main solutions: 1. Equipping and strengthening rural public transportation (through launching a rural bus fleet to Saqqez city on a continuous and planned basis) 2. Paying attention to the level and per capita public resources, especially in the fields of education, health, culture, sports, etc., when preparing, reviewing, and implementing rural guide plans 3. Building multi-purpose sports fields and halls for the joint use of residents of several villages and even generating income by renting them to government and private sector applicants in Saqqez city <span dir="RTL" lang="AR-DZ" style="font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution The author carried out all stages of the research alone. Conflict of Interest Author declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">The author would like to express her deepest gratitude to all the urban and rural development experts and specialists for their cooperation in the research process. <span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">توسعه روستایی معلول عوامل متعددی است و در این میان، زیرساخت‌ها می‌توانند نقش کلیدی را در روند دستیابی به توسعه روستایی ایفا نمایند. در میان ابعاد مختلف توسعه روستایی، مهم‌ترین بعد پایداری جمعیت است. پایداری جمعیت روستایی منوط به شناسایی و تقویت عوامل مرتبط و مؤثر بر آن است. با این اوصاف هدف پژوهش کمی و کاربردی حاضر که با ترکیبی از روش همبستگی و علی انجام‌گرفته است، شناسایی مهم‌ترین زیرساخت‌های مؤثر بر جمعیت روستاهای پیراشهری است که به‌صورت مطالعه موردی در میان 29 روستای پیرامون شهر سقز انجام‌شده است. ابزار اصلی برای گردآوری داده‌ها، ترکیبی از روش‌های اسنادی و میدانی است. برای تجزیه داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">SPSS<span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> (ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون چند متغیره و تکنیک تحلیل خوشه‌ای) و <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">GIS<span dir="RTL" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;"> و همچنین برای ارائه راهکارهای عملیاتی، از نظرات محققان و متخصصان توسعه روستایی و شهری استفاده‌شده است. نتایج مدل رگرسیونی مهم‌ترین عوامل تعیین‌کننده جمعیت روستایی نشان داد این مدل توانسته است 3/73 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابسته پژوهش را تبیین نماید. عوامل شناسایی‌شده براساس ضرایب تأثیر رگرسیونی استانداردشده (<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">Beta<span dir="RTL" lang="FA" style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'B Zar'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: FA;">) عبارت‌اند از: مخابرات و ارتباطات (496/0)، آموزشی (347/0) و فرهنگی ـ ورزشی (274/0). نتایج حاصل از شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی راهکارهای عملیاتی تقویت تعیین‌کننده‌های کلیدی جمعیت روستاهای پیراشهری نشان داد، تجهیز و تقویت حمل‌ونقل عمومی روستایی (از طریق راه‌اندازی ناوگان اتوبوس‌رانی روستایی به شهر سقز به‌صورت مستمر و برنامه‌ریزی‌شده)، مهم‌ترین راهکار ازنظر محققان و متخصصان توسعه روستایی و شهری بوده است.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_234692_05b5174ead9dbf9f738b1cc5aa0bd91a.pdf