انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 04 21 Feasibility study of facilitation offices in in organizing of informal settlements ( case study :Ghaem and Aminabad neighborhoods in Qom توانسنجی دفاتر تسهیلگری در زمینه توانمندسازی سکونتگاه‌های غیر رسمی مطالعه موردی: محلات شهر قائم و امین آباد قم 233352 10.22034/jpusd.2025.539955.1363 FA محسن شاطریان &quot;روه جغرافیا و گردشگری -دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین- دانشگاه کاشان 0000-0002-4125-0837 فاطمه تلخابی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه کاشان 0000-0002-4125-0837 Journal Article 2025 08 11 In developing and less developed countries, unbalanced urbanization has led to numerous challenges in large cities, including unemployment, inflation, rising housing costs, traffic congestion, and the expansion of informal settlements. Rapid population growth, coupled with the absence of coherent socio-economic development plans and urban development strategies, has exacerbated internal migration and social inequality, resulting in the formation of peri-urban settlements. Migrants often, due to their inability to adapt to urban environments and economic pressures, gradually settle in marginalized areas, which differ significantly in terms of cultural and economic conditions from conventional urban neighborhoods. This phenomenon has created social, economic, and environmental challenges for urban planners, and previous policies, including neglect, forced eviction, or central planning, have largely failed to address these issues. In response to these challenges, the empowerment approach has emerged as an innovative strategy. Empowerment focuses on enhancing local community capacities and skills, promoting active citizen participation in planning, decision-making, and project implementation, while minimizing the direct role of formal planning institutions. Through this approach, residents of marginalized neighborhoods can identify their needs and actively participate in addressing them. However, two main challenges remain: first, the lack of managerial capacity and unfamiliarity with empowerment strategies; second, the lack of trust between residents and municipal authorities, which hampers effective participation. To address these challenges, Iran’s Social Affairs Organization established Facilitation and Local Development Offices in disadvantaged neighborhoods starting in 1976. These offices aim to improve quality of life, strengthen individual and collective capacities, and facilitate interaction between residents and authorities. They conduct neighborhood assessments, provide educational programs, and enable community empowerment. In Qom Province, two facilitation offices operate in Aminabad and Qaem neighborhoods. Their activities have included baseline studies, identification of trusted local representatives, and organization of educational workshops. The primary research question of this study is: "What role do facilitation offices play in empowering the Aminabad and Qaem neighborhoods, and to what extent have residents embraced their initiatives?" Methodology This research employed a descriptive-analytical approach with both library and survey methods. The theoretical framework and the questionnaire items were developed based on prior studies. The study population comprised residents of Qaem (27,000 individuals) and Aminabad (25,000 individuals) neighborhoods in Qom. Using random sampling, 200 participants were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the one-sample t-test to assess the effectiveness of facilitation office activities and residents’ satisfaction. The study applied a five-point Likert scale ranging from “very low” (1) to “very high” (5) to measure participants’ perceptions. This method allowed the researchers to prioritize various facilitation office activities and compare the performance of the offices across the two neighborhoods. Key indicators included residents’ familiarity with the offices, accessibility, participation in workshops, ability to address economic and social problems, trust-building, and overall impact on local development Results and discussion Survey results from Qaem indicated that residents were most satisfied with aspects such as office introduction, willingness to receive counseling, and the knowledge of office staff. The lowest satisfaction levels were associated with recreational spaces, improvements in the physical environment, and optimal use of incentives for increasing participation. The office’s successful performance in Qaem is attributed to engaging trusted local representatives and presence in public and religious spaces. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the presence of some foreign residents reduced trust among certain community members. The t-test showed that, for most variables, office performance exceeded the assumed mean, particularly regarding residents’ willingness to participate, indicating positive outcomes of the facilitation office in Qaem. In Aminabad, the highest satisfaction scores related to office introduction, ease of communication with staff, identification of trusted community members, awareness of workshop venues, and accessibility to office locations. Lowest satisfaction pertained to addressing environmental problems, economic and livelihood issues, and trust of young residents in the offices. The t-test revealed that, except for seven activity domains, the offices’ performance requires improvement. Comparing the two neighborhoods, indicators most strongly affecting office success included the ability to solve economic and livelihood problems, trust-building, and the presence and effectiveness of services. The least impactful factors were public access to meetings, suitability of office space, and use of modern remote communication methods. Overall, the Qaem office’s performance was more tangible to residents, yet public satisfaction in both neighborhoods indicates that citizens’ expectations have not been fully met. Conclusion Informal settlements represent one of the most significant urban challenges in developing countries, necessitating comprehensive planning to provide basic and advanced services and to support socio-economic development. The empowerment approach, implemented through facilitation offices in Iran, offers an effective mechanism for improving disadvantaged neighborhoods. These offices identify local needs, coordinate with service providers, provide training, strengthen local institutions, promote home-based and small-scale businesses, and address social issues. The study demonstrated that the Qaem office outperformed the Aminabad office in trust-building, identifying community leaders, and resolving economic challenges. Nevertheless, areas such as office space improvement, youth participation, and addressing environmental concerns require attention. The findings highlight that facilitation offices, by enhancing public trust, utilizing local capacities, and improving educational and advisory services, can have a substantial impact on sustainable neighborhood development. While these results align with prior studies, differences in participation rates between neighborhoods underscore the need to tailor empowerment strategies to the social and cultural characteristics of each community. اسکان غیررسمی از جلوه‌های بارز فقر شهری است که به صورت برنامه‌ریزی نشده و ناموزن در درون و یا اطراف شهرها به وجود می‌آید. این پدیده که محصول توزیع ناعادلانه قدرت، ثروت و خدمات در سطوح ملی و منطقه‌ای می‌باشد، در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان به ویژه کشورهای درحال توسعه شکل گرفته است.هدف این پژوهش توانسنجی دفاتر تسهیلگری در زمینه توانمندسازی سکونتگاه های پیراشهری در محلات شهر قائم و امین آباد قم می باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل ساکنین محلات شهر قائم و امین آباد شهر قم می‌باشند. از نظر جمعیتی، تعداد 27 هزار نفر در محله قائم و 25 هزار نفر در محله امین آباد ساکن هستند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از نرم افزار Sample Power و با درنظرگرفتن حداکثر اطمینان، حداقل میزان خطا و توان آزمون به تعداد 200نفر محاسبه شد. به منظور ارزیابی میزان موفقیت دفاتر مذکور پرسشنامه ها در میان اهالی دو محله هدف توزیع گردید. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل دادهای جمع‌آوری شده از آزمون‌های آماری تی تک نمونه ای و تحلیل عاملی استفاده شده است. از نتایج تحقیق با بررسی وضعیت میانگین هریک از متغییرها می‌توان این گونه استنباط نمود به استثنای 8 زمینه فعالیتی دفاتر تسهیلگری در سایر زمینه ها نتوانسته عملکرد موفقی داشته باشد و نیازمند بازبینی در وضعیت فعالیتی دفاتر، بهبود شرایط و رفع کاستی‌ها موجود می‌باشند همچنین میزان رضایت عمومی مردم از عملکرد دفاتر تسهیلگری در سطح دو محلات نشان از عدم برآورده ساختن انتظارت مردمی در این محلات دارد.

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 04 21 Requirements for achieving an integrated urban-rural management model around Tehran metropolis (Case study: Rey Area) الزامات دستیابی به الگوی مدیریت یکپارچه شهری ـ روستایی در پیرامون کلانشهر تهران (مطالعه موردی: ناحیه ری) 237101 10.22034/jpusd.2025.548831.1377 FA سیاوش عطایی دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران. 0009-0007-0997-365X اصغر نوروزی دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-5609-7855 مصطفی طالشی استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-9228-3532 Journal Article 2025 09 23 Introduction Metropolitan (urban) areas possess the inherent potential to become primary hubs for the attraction of labor, knowledge, and infrastructure, serving as the core centers of spatial linkages. However, the existing administrative-managerial structures, which are generally antiquated, have proven incapable of reflecting effective governance across the entire metropolitan domain. Consequently, they exhibit deficiencies in addressing the complex socio-economic and infrastructural issues prevalent in both the core urban area and its peripheral zones. This structural deficit in governance has critically exacerbated the mismatch (or dysfunctional synergy) between the socio-economic subsystems and the socio-ecological subsystems characterizing the rural areas surrounding Tehran Metropolis. Therefore, there is a critical necessity to adopt an integrated management and policymaking approach to resolve the problems of the Tehran Metropolitan Area, particularly the rural settlements within its boundaries, in order to align management practices with the ecological carrying capacity of the surrounding environments. In this context, the present study aims, while identifying the factors influencing the realization of integrated urban-rural management through the case study of Rey County, to analyze the extent of the impact of each of these factors on integrated urban-rural management. Accordingly, the research question is posed as follows: What are the prerequisites for achieving an integrated urban-rural management model in the Rey region Methodology The present study aimed to identify the requirements for achieving an integrated urban-rural management model in the vicinity of Tehran metropolis, with a case study of rural settlements in the Rey Area. This research is applied in type and descriptive-analytical in nature. In this process, documentary and field methods were used, consistent with the required data. The data collection tools included interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire (88 items within 24 indicators). The studied populations in the present research comprised academic experts, executive managers (Governorate, District Office, Municipality, Rural Council, Environmental Protection, Agricultural Jihad, and Housing Foundation), and local/indigenous experts and managers at the Rey county level. The statistical population in this study consists of rural settlements located around the Tehran metropolis. Villages were purposefully selected from those situated within the city’s jurisdiction and having a close relationship with it. Therefore, 60 villages were chosen as the initial sample. For data analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, factor analysis, Durbin-Watson test, and path analysis were utilized in SPSS software. Results and Discussion Based on the research findings, urban-rural management in the areas surrounding Tehran metropolis necessitates a “paradigm shift” from traditional, fragmented, and disconnected approaches towards “integrated management.” Consequently, eight factors—policy-territorial integration (with two indicators), structural-managerial integration (with four indicators), sectoral-organizational integration (with four indicators), functional-executive integration (with two indicators), financial-credit integration (with two indicators), legal integration (with two indicators), vertical integration (with two indicators), and citizen-centricity (with four indicators)—effective in achieving an appropriate integrated urban-rural management model in the vicinity of Tehran metropolis, indicate a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of urban-rural management. This provides the capability for establishing a suitable structure for integrated urban-rural management around Tehran metropolis. Policy-territorial integration (with a coefficient of -4.824), vertical integration (coefficient 2.873), citizen-centricity (coefficient 2.132), legal integration (coefficient 2.008), sectoral-organizational integration (coefficient -1.514), structural-managerial integration (coefficient -0.919), and functional-executive integration (coefficient 0.747) have the greatest impact, respectively, on achieving the integrated urban-rural management model in the areas surrounding Tehran metropolis. Financial-credit integration, due to its error level exceeding (0.05), does not have a direct impact on achieving the integrated urban-rural management model. Conclusion The analyses conducted on “integration” in urban-rural management reveal that, despite its theoretical potential to enhance efficiency and effectiveness, this concept is complex, multifaceted, and deeply context-dependent in practice. Empirical and analytical findings, particularly the concept of a “negative beta coefficient” in the four factors of sectoral-organizational integration, policy-territorial integration, structural-managerial integration, and functional-executive integration, strongly underscore that mere attempts at integration do not guarantee positive outcomes. Instead, the formation and ultimate effectiveness of integration are highly contingent upon the quality of implementing its fundamental requirements. Therefore, based on the findings, the key to success in achieving a suitable integrated urban-rural management model in the areas surrounding the Tehran metropolis lies in selecting an appropriate approach and paying attention to fundamental requirements. Imposed and centralized approaches should be avoided, moving towards participatory, flexible approaches that are tailored to local territorial realities. By doing so, integration can be utilized as a powerful tool to improve the urban-rural management of surrounding areas. کاستی‌های ساختاری در نظام مدیریت، ناهم‌افزایی بحرانی بین زیرسیستم‌های اجتماعی - اقتصادی و زیرسیستم‌های اکولوژیکی- اجتماعی نواحی روستایی پیرامون کلانشهرها را تشدید می کند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی الزامات دستیابی به الگوی مدیریت یکپارچه شهری ـ روستایی در پیرامون کلانشهر تهران با مطالعه موردی شهرستان ری انجام شده است. این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق، تعداد 60 سکونتگاه روستایی شهرستان ری واقع در حریم کلانشهر تهران است و جامعه هدف شامل خبرگان دانشگاهی، مدیران دستگاه‌های اجرایی، مدیران محلی روستاهای مورد مطالعه و خبرگان محلی آگاه در سطح شهرستان ری بوده‌اند. انتخاب خبرگان به صورت هدفمند و با استفاده از روش گلوله‌برفی صورت گرفته است. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق پرسشنامه بوده و به‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، رگرسیون و تحلیل مسیر در محیط نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که نخست هشت عامل یکپارچگی سیاستی ـ سرزمینی، یکپارچگی ساختاری ـ مدیریتی، یکپارچگی بخشی ـ سازمانی، یکپارچگی عملکردی ـ اجرایی، یکپارچگی مالی ـ اعتباری، یکپارچگی قانونی، یکپارچگی عمودی و شهروندمداری به عنوان الزامات تحقق‌پذیریِ الگوی مدیریت یکپارچه شهری ـ روستایی شناسایی شد‌ه‌اند که در مجموع 98 درصد از واریانس را تبیین می‌کنند. از سوی دیگر یافته‌های تجربی و تحلیلی انجام شده با تحلیل مسیر، با توجه به «ضریب بتای منفی»، یکپارچگی سرزمینی ـ سیاستی، یکپارچگی سازمانی ـ بخشی، یکپارچگی ساختاری ـ مدیریتی و یکپارچگی عملکردی ـ اجرایی با اثرگذاری مستقیم بر شکل‌گیری مدیریت یکپارچه شهری ـ روستایی در نواحی پیرامون کلانشهر تهران، قویاً بر این نکته تأکید دارند که صرفِ تلاش برای یکپارچه‌سازی و تحقق آن، تضمین‌کننده نتایج مثبت نیست؛ بلکه، شکل‌گیری و نهایتاً اثربخشی یکپارچگی مدیریت شهری ـ روستایی در نواحی پیراشهری به‌شدت وابسته به کیفیت اجرای الزامات بنیادین آن است.

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 04 21 The Impact of Drought on Population Displacement and its Social Consequences in Urban Peripheral Spaces of Zanjan تأثیر خشکسالی بر جابجایی جمعیت و پیامدهای اجتماعی آن در فضاهای پیراشهری زنجان 242945 10.22034/jpusd.2026.574408.1392 FA سعید عباسی دکتری گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. 0009-0003-5137-4870 بهروز محمدی یگانه دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران 0000-0003-0636-0595 Journal Article 2026 02 07 Extended Abstract Introduction Drought disrupts livelihood and ecological systems in peri-urban areas, triggering widespread population displacement. This displacement leaves profound social consequences on the structure of both origin and destination communities, including the disintegration of social networks, exacerbated inequalities, and altered patterns of urban settlement. Iran, with an average annual rainfall of 260 mm (one-third of the global average), is among the world's arid countries and has limited water resources. Due to population growth, expansion of the agricultural and technological sectors, and similar factors, the per capita renewable water resources in Iran have declined. According to United Nations forecasts, by the 2020s, this amount will fall below the water scarcity threshold (1000 cubic meters), plunging the country into severe water scarcity. This will widen the gap between water supply and demand, leading to economic losses, socio-political tensions, and health risks. Therefore, these combined conditions underscore that water scarcity is a central social issue (Astaneh et al., 2019: 110). Zanjan City, the capital of Zanjan Province and one of the cities in northwestern Iran, has experienced rapid population growth and physical expansion in recent decades. This expansion has largely occurred in a dispersed, peripheral manner, primarily on lands surrounding the city. The peripheral areas of Zanjan, which were once mainly villages and agricultural lands, have now become arenas for rapid land-use changes, extensive migration, and the formation of heterogeneous urban fabrics. These areas serve as connecting rings and transitional zones between the city and the countryside and, due to multiple and often weak management, are highly vulnerable. On the other hand, Zanjan Province, and particularly the peri-urban area of Zanjan City, has increasingly faced prolonged droughts, declining rainfall, falling groundwater levels, and reduced surface water flow in recent years. This has undermined the economic and livelihood foundations of the residents in these areas. Under such conditions, ignoring the social and human dimensions of drought-induced displacement can deepen inequalities and exacerbate social harms. Therefore, addressing this issue is critically important not only in urban and rural planning but also in broader developmental policy-making. A detailed examination of the social impacts of these displacements can help identify critical points, develop damage mitigation strategies, and enhance the resilience of local communities against environmental crises. Accordingly, the main research question is posed as follows: What social impacts has drought-induced displacement had in the peri-urban areas of Zanjan, and which of these impacts has been more significant? Methodology This applied research employed a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method and a questionnaire tool. Data were collected from two groups: 50 experts (using the Delphi method) and 334 local residents on the outskirts of Zanjan city. Data analysis utilized Delphi, one-sample t-test, and the DEMATEL model. Results and discussion The Delphi results indicate a strong consensus and high stability in expert opinions regarding the social impact indicators, as the negligible difference in crisp values between the two stages (between 0.004 and 0.015) confirms the content validity and reliability of the research indicator framework. Based on the one-sample t-test results, migration to the periphery of Zanjan has led to fragile and unstable economic improvements, failing to eliminate the structural vulnerability caused by drought. Conversely, this displacement has been accompanied by a deep rupture in social networks, a decline in the sense of belonging, and increased stress, creating a "vulnerability trap" that reduces the resilience of migrants and casts doubt on the sustainability of settlement in these areas.Finally, according to the DEMATEL model, "Economic Status" is the key driver (cause) of the system, exerting the most influence on other components, while "Future Outlook" is a dependent component (effect). "Social Cohesion" and "Mental Health" play crucial mediating roles. To prevent economic growth from translating into social division, interventions must simultaneously focus on economic improvement and strengthening support networks. Conclusion This research demonstrates that drought-induced displacement to the periphery of Zanjan is a complex process with contradictory outcomes. Although migration has slightly improved the economic conditions of some households, this improvement is superficial and unstable and has not eliminated the structural vulnerability caused by drought. In contrast, the social cost of this displacement has been substantial. The severe breakdown of traditional support networks, decreased social participation and sense of belonging, and increased stress and anxiety are among the most prominent negative impacts. This erosion of social capital has severely undermined the resilience of the migrant community against future shocks. Structural relationship analysis also confirms that economic and livelihood status plays the role of a key driver, while future prospects and sustainability are a dependent and resultant component. Therefore, short-term economic improvements cannot compensate for the loss of social cohesion and identity. Ultimately, it can be said that forced migration in this context, rather than creating a successful transition, has created a kind of "vulnerability trap" in which migrants on the urban periphery are caught in fragile conditions lacking adequate social support. This finding underscores the necessity of designing integrated policy interventions that simultaneously address sustainable livelihoods and the strengthening of social capital. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest خشکسالی با مختل‌کردن نظام‌های معیشتی و زیست‌محیطی در مناطق پیراشهری، محرک جابجایی‌های گسترده جمعیتی می‌شود. این جابجایی‌ها، پیامدهای اجتماعی عمیقی بر ساختار جوامع مبدأ و مقصد، از جمله فروپاشی شبکه‌های اجتماعی، تشدید نابرابری‌ها و تغییر الگوهای اسکان شهری بر جای می‌گذارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تتأثیر خشکسالی بر جابجایی جمعیت و پیامدهای اجتماعی آن در فضاهای پیراشهری زنجان انجام شده است. این پژوهش کاربردی با روش ترکیبی (کیفی-کمی) و ابزار پرسشنامه انجام شد. داده‌ها از دو گروه ۵۰ نفری از خبرگان (با روش دلفی) و 334 نفر از ساکنان محلی حاشیه شهر زنجان، گردآوری شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های دلفی، آزمون t تک‌نمونه‌ای و مدل DEMATEL استفاده گردید. نتایج روش دلفی حاکی از اجماع قوی و پایداری بالا در نظرات خبرگان نسبت به شاخص‌های اثرات اجتماعی است، به ‌طوری که اختلاف ناچیز مقادیر کریسپ بین دو مرحله (بین 004/0 تا 015/0)، اعتبار محتوایی و قابلیت اتکای چارچوب شاخص‌های پژوهش را تأیید می‌کند. سپس بر اساس نتایج آزمون t تک نمونه‌ای، مهاجرت به حاشیه شهر زنجان منجر به بهبودهای اقتصادی شکننده و ناپایدار شده است که آسیب‌پذیری ساختاری ناشی از خشکسالی را رفع نکرده است. در مقابل، این جابجایی با گسست عمیق شبکه‌های اجتماعی، سقوط حس تعلق و افزایش استرس همراه بوده و یک «تله آسیب‌پذیری» ایجاد کرده که تاب‌آوری مهاجران را کاهش داده و پایداری سکونت در این مناطق را با تردید مواجه ساخته است. در نهایت بر اساس مدل دیمتل، «وضعیت اقتصادی» پیشران کلیدی (علت) سیستم است و بیشترین تأثیر را بر دیگر مؤلفه‌ها می‌گذارد، درحالی که «چشم‌انداز آینده» یک مؤلفه وابسته (معلول) است. «انسجام اجتماعی» و «سلامت روانی» نقش واسطه حیاتی دارند و برای جلوگیری از تبدیل رشد اقتصادی به شکاف اجتماعی، مداخلات باید به‌ طور همزمان بر بهبود اقتصاد و تقویت شبکه‌های حمایتی متمرکز شوند.

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 04 21 Identifying Key Factors Affecting the Decline of Seismic Resilience in Urban Peripheral Areas with an Emphasis on Urban Growth and Development Dimensions (Case Study: Bojnord) شناسایی عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر کاهش تاب‌آوری لرزه‌ای مناطق پیراشهری با تأکید بر ابعاد رشد و توسعه شهری (مورد مطالعه: بجنورد) 230710 10.22034/jpusd.2025.541625.1364 FA صادق خانی کوشکی دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد شیروان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیروان، ایران 0009-0009-0441-073X رمضانعلی نادری مایوان استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه کوثر بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران. 0000-0003-3467-8584 فرزاد قادری بافتی استادیار گروه مدیریت ساخت، واحد شیروان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیروان، ایران. 0000-0002-5334-5331 Journal Article 2025 08 16 Introduction The urban peripheral areas of Bojnord face increasing challenges in seismic resilience due to urban growth and development. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the factors influencing this resilience, with a focus on various dimensions of urban expansion. The primary objective is to develop a deeper understanding of existing complexities and identify pathways for improving conditions in these areas. Bojnord, the capital of North Khorasan Province, has experienced significant urban development in recent years. However, this rapid and often unplanned expansion marked by scattered construction that disregards engineering safety standards has increased the seismic vulnerability of areas near active faults. The city’s aging infrastructure, largely composed of traditional, non-reinforced materials that fail to meet modern seismic codes, is particularly at risk, especially in fault-adjacent zones where earthquakes could cause severe human and economic losses. Compounding the problem, uncontrolled urban sprawl and illegal construction on the city’s outskirts have left entire neighborhoods without resilient infrastructure or safety-compliant buildings, amplifying potential disaster impacts. Another critical issue is the lack of open spaces and safe gathering points, which are vital for emergency shelter and protection during crises a shortfall with potentially catastrophic consequences in high-risk areas. Further concerns arise from vulnerable critical infrastructure (e.g., power grids, water systems, and telecommunications), which lack adequate reinforcement and could fail post-disaster. Public awareness and training on earthquake preparedness are also insufficient, with the absence of systematic educational programs exacerbating the city’s fragility. Addressing these challenges requires smart urban planning, seismic retrofitting of buildings, infrastructure upgrades, and community training. Key solutions include renovating dilapidated structures, enforcing construction standards for new builds (particularly near fault lines), and strategically developing open spaces and emergency hubs to mitigate risks. Ultimately, Bojnord’s urban growth must align with comprehensive resilience strategies to safeguard its residents. This study seeks to identify the key factors undermining seismic resilience in Bojnord’s Peripheral Areas, emphasizing urban development dimensions. The findings could inform policymaking, infrastructure improvements, and public awareness campaigns—paving the way for a safer, more disaster-resistant city. Methodology This research is an applied qualitative study conducted through a descriptive-analytical survey approach. Data was collected via documentary and library research, as well as field interviews with 35 managers and experts in Bojnord County (using purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved). Data analysis was performed using grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin’s approach), involving open, axial, and selective coding stages. The 60 to 90-minute interviews were recorded, transcribed, and categorized using a paradigmatic model (causal, contextual, and intervening factors) to derive a data-driven theory. Results and discussion The results revealed that the decline in seismic resilience in Bojnord suburbs is influenced by three key factors: causal factors (such as migration, fear of property devaluation, and local tensions), contextual factors (including non-resistant traditional architecture, active faults, and lack of infrastructure investment), and intervening factors (such as managerial and executive weaknesses, as well as shortcomings in crisis management). These factors interact simultaneously in a networked manner, collectively undermining the seismic stability of these areas. Therefore, enhancing Bojnord seismic resilience requires comprehensive and coordinated planning across social, cultural, economic, managerial, and infrastructural dimensions. Conclusion This study comprehensively and meticulously uncovers the root causes behind the decline in seismic resilience in Bojnord urban peripheral areas. The results clearly demonstrate that this complex issue stems from deep-seated social, psychological, managerial, economic, and even cultural factors transcending any single dimension. Causal factors reveal that the problems originate from within Bojnord societal fabric. Rural-urban migration has fragmented the social structure and deepened generational divides. Psychological barriers, such as the normalization of earthquake risks and fears of property devaluation, deter residents from retrofitting buildings. Declining public participation and the absence of active civil organizations have eroded social capital, nearly eliminating community oversight. Even local political tensions over budget allocations exacerbate the situation. Together, these elements have created a perilous foundation for seismic vulnerability. Contextual factors highlight historical and geographical predispositions to this fragility. Traditional architecture and a fatalistic attitude toward natural disasters, combined with Bojnord location in a border region atop active faults, double the threat. Inadequate investment in resilient infrastructure and reliance on limited industries further undermine material and economic resilience. Cultural and psychological issues like risk denial and the spread of misinformation—fuel public apathy and unpreparedness. Intervening factors expose systemic failures: even with problem awareness, managerial weaknesses, bureaucratic hurdles, and political challenges obstruct effective solutions. Institutional fragmentation, lax oversight, inefficient crisis management, and a shortage of skilled personnel pose critical barriers to progress. Elite turnover and misguided political priorities further derail long-term resilience programs. This multilayered crisis demands integrated action bridging social cohesion, infrastructure modernization, policy reform, and public education to transform Bojnord into a seismically resilient city. Only by addressing these intertwined dimensions can meaningful, sustainable progress be achieved. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. مناطق پیراشهری بجنورد به دلیل رشد و توسعه شهری، با چالش‌های فزاینده‌ای در زمینه تاب‌آوری لرزه‌ای روبرو هستند. این مطالعه به بررسی جامع عوامل مؤثر بر این تاب‌آوری، با تأکید بر ابعاد مختلف رشد و توسعه شهری، می‌پردازد. هدف اصلی، ارائه درکی عمیق از پیچیدگی‌های موجود و تعیین مسیرهایی برای بهبود وضعیت در این مناطق است. این پژوهش یک مطالعه کاربردی با رویکرد کیفی است که به روش پیمایشی توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مطالعات اسنادی، کتابخانه‌ای و مصاحبه‌های میدانی با ۳۵ نفر از مدیران و متخصصان شهرستان بجنورد (به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری) گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با روش گراندد تئوری (نسخه استراوس و کوربین) انجام شد که شامل مراحل کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی بود. مصاحبه‌های ۶۰ تا ۹۰ دقیقه‌ای ضبط، پیاده‌سازی و با الگوی پارادایمی (علّی، زمینه‌ای، مداخله‌گر) دسته‌بندی شدند تا نظریه‌ای مبتنی بر داده‌ها استخراج شود. نتایج نشان داد که کاهش تاب‌آوری لرزه‌ای مناطق پیراشهری بجنورد تحت تأثیر سه دسته عوامل کلیدی قرار دارد: عوامل علی (مانند مهاجرت، ترس از کاهش ارزش ملک و تنش‌های محلی)، عوامل زمینه‌ای (شامل معماری سنتی غیرمقاوم، گسل‌های فعال و عدم سرمایه‌گذاری در زیرساخت‌ها) و عوامل مداخله‌گر (نظیر ضعف‌های مدیریتی، اجرایی و مشکلات در مدیریت بحران). این عوامل به صورت شبکه‌ای و همزمان عمل کرده و به تضعیف پایداری لرزه‌ای این مناطق منجر شده‌اند. بنابراین، بهبود تاب‌آوری لرزه‌ای بجنورد نیازمند برنامه‌ریزی جامع و هماهنگ در ابعاد اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی، مدیریتی و زیرساختی است.

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 04 21 Analysis of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on the Management of Residential Projects in Peri-Urban Areas of Shiraz تحلیل تأثیر کاربرد هوش مصنوعی بر مدیریت پروژه‌های مسکونی فضاهای پیراشهری شیراز 242946 10.22034/jpusd.2026.565889.1387 FA آرزو مومنیان استادیار معماری دانشگاه گرمسار 0000-0001-5278-0799 بی بی کلان پردلی عضو هیات علمی گروه معماری دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل 0009-0006-5400-0243 میثم ذکاوت استادیار گروه معماری دانشگاه گرمسار 0000-0003-0820-2689 Journal Article 2025 12 15 Extended Abstract Introduction In Iran, residential projects—especially in the peripheries of large cities—face significant challenges, including delays, cost overruns, poor quality, weak coordination among stakeholders, and multiple risks. The peri-urban areas of Shiraz, experiencing rapid construction growth and increasing pressure on housing supply, provide a suitable context to analyze how AI can be integrated into residential project management. Rapid population growth and housing demand highlight the need for professionally managed residential projects. Without leveraging modern technologies like AI, resources may be wasted, risks increase, and construction quality may decline. Examining AI applications in the peri-urban areas of Shiraz can identify successful patterns and local challenges, offering practical guidance to decision-makers and construction firms. Therefore, a case study in Shiraz’s peri-urban spaces can serve as a local reference model. In Iran, residential projects—especially in the peripheries of large cities—face significant challenges, including delays, cost overruns, poor quality, weak coordination among stakeholders, and multiple risks. The peri-urban areas of Shiraz, experiencing rapid construction growth and increasing pressure on housing supply, provide a suitable context to analyze how AI can be integrated into residential project management. Rapid population growth and housing demand highlight the need for professionally managed residential projects. Without leveraging modern technologies like AI, resources may be wasted, risks increase, and construction quality may decline. Examining AI applications in the peri-urban areas of Shiraz can identify successful patterns and local challenges, offering practical guidance to decision-makers and construction firms. Therefore, a case study in Shiraz’s peri-urban spaces can serve as a local reference model. Methodology This study adopts a descriptive–analytical and applied research approach. Its main goal is to examine and analyze the impact of AI applications on residential project management in Shiraz’s peri-urban areas. Since the research seeks to uncover relationships between variables and measure the level of impact, quantitative statistical methods and field data analysis were employed. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire covering two variables: “AI applications in residential projects” and “residential project management,” designed based on indicators extracted from previous domestic and international studies. The statistical population included experts, professionals in construction, and academic researchers related to project management and technology. Using a convenience sample (snowball sampling), the sample size was 209, and stratified random sampling ensured adequate representation of each group. The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by expert opinions in project management and IT, and reliability was verified via Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.93), indicating excellent reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results and discussion The findings indicate that AI applications have a significant and substantial impact on improving peri-urban residential project management. Pearson correlation results showed a very strong and positive relationship between AI applications and project management (r = 0.971), meaning that increased use of AI tools in design, supervision, scheduling, and cost control directly enhances project management effectiveness. This underscores AI’s role as a key driver in improving efficiency, decision-making accuracy, and reducing managerial risks in peri-urban projects. Simple linear regression results show a determination coefficient of R² = 0.943, indicating that approximately 94% of the variation in residential project management can be explained by AI applications. The model’s statistical significance (Sig = 0.000) and high F-statistic (F = 1343.7) confirm its validity, demonstrating that the independent variable effectively predicts the dependent variable. ANOVA results reveal significant differences among expert groups (construction sector, municipality, and academic/research institutions) regarding AI’s impact on residential project management (F = 157.946). This suggests that familiarity and interaction with AI technologies vary across work environments, with each group perceiving AI’s impact differently based on activity type and technology access. Duncan post-hoc tests indicated the highest mean scores for academics/researchers (4.69), experts (3.99), and construction practitioners (3.53). These results show that academics, due to greater familiarity with AI theories, algorithms, and functionalities, have the strongest belief in AI’s effectiveness, whereas construction practitioners, due to operational and infrastructure limitations, perceive lower impact. Overall, these differences emphasize the need for training programs, knowledge transfer, and technological investment in peri-urban project operations. Conclusion This study demonstrates that AI applications have a strong and positive effect on peri-urban residential project management. Increased use of intelligent technologies in design, supervision, scheduling, and cost control enhances project managers’ performance in terms of time, cost, and quality. The high determination coefficient confirms AI’s role as a strong explanatory factor in improving project management. Moreover, differences in perceptions among expert groups highlight the importance of training, knowledge transfer, and technological investment to effectively utilize AI in operational settings. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Residential Project Management, Peri-Urban Areas, Shiraz هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند فرآیندهای برنامه‌ریزی، کنترل هزینه، مدیریت کیفیت و هماهنگی بین ذینفعان را بهبود دهد و بهره‌وری و شفافیت پروژه‌ها را افزایش دهد. هدف اصلی این مطالعه، تحلیل تأثیر کاربردهای هوش مصنوعی بر مدیریت پروژه‌های مسکونی فضاهای پیراشهری شهری است تا میزان و نحوه اثرگذاری آن بر بهبود عملکرد فرآیندهای مدیریت پروژه مشخص گردد.این تحقیق از نوع توصیفی–تحلیلی و کاربردی است. داده‌ها به‌صورت میدانی از طریق پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته جمع‌آوری شده‌اند و جامعه آماری شامل کارشناسان، متخصصان حوزه ساخت‌وساز و کارشناسان دانشگاهی است که حجم نمونه با استفاده از نموه در دسترس 209 نفر تعیین گردید. از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، تی تک نمونه ای، همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون خطی، تحلیل واریانس و تعقیبی دانکن استفاده شد. این پژوهش در فضاهای پیراشهری شیراز انجام شده است و نتایج آن محدود به ساختار و ویژگی‌های پیراشهری، سازمانی و پروژه‌ای این قلمرو جغرافیایی می‌باشد. تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی سه بعد اصلی کاربردهای هوش مصنوعی در پروژه‌های مسکونی فضاهای پیراشهری شهری را شناسایی کرد که ۸۸ درصد واریانس کل را تبیین می‌کنند: «خودکارسازی و بهینه‌سازی فرآیندها»، «یادگیری و پیش‌بینی هوشمند» و «پشتیبانی تصمیم و نظارت هوشمند». آزمون همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین کاربردهای هوش مصنوعی و شاخص‌های مدیریت پروژه رابطه‌ای بسیار قوی و معنادار وجود دارد (r = 0/971). رگرسیون خطی ساده تأثیر مستقیم و معنادار کاربردهای هوش مصنوعی بر بهبود عملکرد مدیریت پروژه‌های مسکونی را با ضریب تعیین 943/۰ تأیید کرد. همچنین، نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس (ANOVA) و آزمون تعقیبی دانکن تفاوت معناداری در دیدگاه گروه‌های شغلی مختلف نشان داد؛ به‌گونه‌ای که کارشناسان دانشگاهی و پژوهشگران بالاترین میانگین تأثیرپذیری را نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها گزارش کردند. این نتایج بیانگر آن است که استفاده هدفمند از فناوری‌های هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند در زمینه‌هایی مانند برنامه‌ریزی زمانی، برآورد هزینه، ارزیابی ریسک، کنترل کیفیت و تصمیم‌گیری مدیریتی نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای ایفا کند.

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 04 21 Evaluating the Role of Water Resources Management in the Economic Resilience of Rural Areas: A Case Study of Peri-urban Villages Around the City of Zanjan ارزیابی نقش مدیریت منابع آب در تاب آوری اقتصادی نواحی روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای‌ پیرامونی شهر زنجان) 242947 10.22034/jpusd.2026.543459.1370 FA منیژه احمدی گروه جغرافیا - دانشگاه زنجان 0009-0005-0857-6578 مریم بوژه دانشگاه زنجان 0009-0000-6062-8172 Journal Article 2025 08 26 Abstract Water is a vital resource with fundamental economic and social functions and constitutes an essential human need. Iran, with an average annual precipitation of approximately 250 mm—less than one-third of the global average—is located within the world’s arid and semi-arid regions. Poor water resources management is considered one of the major constraints on sustainable development in the country. This study investigates the role of water resources management in enhancing the economic resilience of rural areas. This study is applied and adopts a descriptive–analytical approach. Data were collected from six peri-urban villages surrounding the city of Zanjan through documentary review and field surveys. Data were collected from six peri-urban villages surrounding the city of Zanjan through documentary research and field surveys. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed for data analysis, including the one-sample t test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) implemented in AMOS. The results indicate that both water resources management (t = −17.21) and economic resilience (t = −12.40) are at suboptimal levels. Analysis of differences among water management indicators reveals that the largest disparities are associated with “economy and investment” and “participation in decision-making and policymaking,” with test statistics of −26.27 and −25.35, respectively. The results of the Kruskal–Wallis test indicate that there are significant differences among the villages. The Kruskal–Wallis statistic was 33.325 with a significance level of 0.000, which confirms the existence of statistically significant differences in water resource management at the 99% confidence level. Furthermore, policymaking and regulatory frameworks in water management, provision of financial facilities and credit, infrastructure development, farm management, maintenance of water facilities, technical management, and the application of modern technologies significantly contribute to strengthening the economic resilience of the rural communities under study. Keywords: water resources management; sustainable development; resilience; peri-urban villages; Zanjan Province Extended Abstract Introduction Water is a scarce socio-economic resource and a fundamental human necessity. Iran is located in the world’s arid and semi-arid belt. With an average annual precipitation of about 250 mm—less than one-third of the global average—and inefficient water resources management, the country faces serious constraints to sustainable development. Previous studies indicate that Iran will be among the countries experiencing severe water stress in the near future. At present, the significant imbalance between water consumption and renewable resources, aggravated by overextraction of groundwater, has resulted in a national water deficit of approximately 90 billion cubic meters. These conditions have led to widespread water shortages across the country. Given these challenges, adopting effective water management strategies is essential for addressing problems associated with declining water quantity and quality. The central question of this research is: What is the relationship between water resources management and rural economic resilience? Accordingly, the objective of this study is to assess the role of water resources management in improving economic resilience in order to support the economies of peri-urban villages surrounding the city of Zanjan. Methodology This study is applied and adopts a descriptive–analytical approach.the statistical population consists of 2,254 households residing in six peri-urban villages around Zanjan. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 328 households—specifically farmers and orchardists—was selected through systematic proportional allocation. Data were collected through documentary research and field surveys using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses, including the one-sample t test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS software, were employed to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. Results and Discussion The findings indicate that both water resources management (mean = 2.43) and economic resilience (mean = 2.62) in the studied peri-urban villages are below the desired levels based on the adopted measurement scale. This suggests that current water management practices are insufficient to fully support the economic stability and adaptability of these rural communities. Furthermore, significant differences in the level of water resources management were observed among the villages. Among the six villages studied, Dizaj-Abad exhibited the highest mean rank of 211.61, indicating relatively better water management practices and higher capacity to cope with economic challenges. In contrast, Panbeh Jogh had the lowest mean rank of 102.55, reflecting substantial deficiencies in local water management and limited resilience to economic stressors. These disparities highlight the uneven distribution of water management infrastructure, investment, and community participation across the region. Villages with higher ranks tend to have better access to financial facilities, improved irrigation systems, and more active involvement of residents in decision-making processes. On the other hand, villages with lower ranks may suffer from inadequate infrastructure, limited technical management, and lower engagement of local stakeholders, which exacerbate vulnerability to economic shocks. The observed differences underscore the critical role of local governance, resource allocation, and participatory management in enhancing economic resilience. These findings are consistent with previous studies indicating that efficient water resources management is a key determinant of rural communities’ capacity to adapt to environmental and economic challenges. Conclusion Results from structural equation modeling demonstrate that water resources management exerts a significant positive effect (standardized path coefficient = 0.86) on the economic resilience of the studied villages. All regression weights (factor loadings) in the measurement model are positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition, all Critical Ratio (C.R.) values exceed 1.96, confirming the statistical significance of the estimated relationships. the findings demonstrate that water resources management significantly influences the economic resilience of peri-urban villages surrounding Zanjan. Both water management and economic resilience are currently below optimal levels, with considerable variation among villages. Effective policies, investment in infrastructure, technical management, and the adoption of modern technologies play crucial roles in enhancing rural economic stability. These findings underscore the importance of participatory decision-making and strategic investment in water-related resources. While the study is limited to six villages, it provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to improve water management practices and strengthen rural livelihoods in similar arid and semi-arid contexts. آب به‌عنوان منبع حیاتی با اهمیت اقتصادی و اجتماعی، یکی از نیازهای اولیه انسان است. کشور ایران با میانگین بارش سالانه ۲۵۰ میلی‌متر — کمتر از یک‌سوم متوسط بارندگی جهان — به‌لحاظ موقعیت جغرافیایی در منطقه خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان قرار دارد و ضعف مدیریت در منابع آب یکی از مهم‌ترین موانع توسعه پایدار محسوب می‌گردد. هدف تحقیق حاضر مشخص کردن نقش مدیریت آب در تاب‌آوری اقتصادی نواحی روستایی است. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و ماهیت آن توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق ۶ روستای پیرامونی شهر زنجان است که اطلاعات آن‌ها به روش کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی جمع‌آوری شده است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون تی تک‌نمونه‌ای، کروسکال‌والیس و معادلات ساختاری ایموس) استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که شاخص مدیریت منابع‌ آب با آماره آزمون تی تک‌نمونه‌ای ۱۷٫۲۱- و شاخص تاب‌آوری اقتصادی با آماره آزمون تی تک‌نمونه‌ای ۱۲٫۴۰- در وضعیت نامطلوبی می‌باشند. یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل تفاوت معنادار میان شاخص‌های مدیریت منابع آب نشان می‌دهد که بیشترین میزان تفاوت معنادار مربوط به شاخص‌های «اقتصاد و سرمایه‌گذاری» و «مشارکت در تصمیم‌گیری‌ها و سیاست‌گذاری‌ها» بوده است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که مقادیر آماره آزمون به‌ترتیب برابر با ۲۷/۲۶- و 35/25- به‌دست آمد. نتایج آزمون کروسکال–والیس نشان می دهد که بین روستاها تفاوت‌های معناداری وجود دارد. مقدار آماره کروسکال–والیس برابر با 33/325 و سطح معناداری ۰/۰۰۰ بوده است که بیانگر وجود تفاوت معنادار آماری در مدیریت منابع آب در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد است. همچنین نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که شاخص‌هایی نظیر «سیاست‌گذاری، قوانین و مقررات مرتبط با مدیریت منابع آب»، «ارائه تسهیلات و اعتبارات مالی»، «توسعه زیرساخت‌ها»، «مدیریت بهره‌برداری از مزارع»، «حفاظت از تأسیسات آبی»، «مدیریت فنی» و «به‌کارگیری فناوری‌های نوین» نقش مؤثری در ارتقای تاب‌آوری اقتصادی روستاهای مورد مطالعه ایفا می‌کنند.

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 The Effects of Agricultural Water Management Policies on Reducing Economic Crises in Peri Urban Settlements (Case Study: Chaharborj County) اثرات سیاست‌های مدیریت آب کشاورزی بر کاهش بحران‌های اقتصادی در سکونتگاه‌های پیراشهری (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان چهاربرج) 233575 10.22034/jpusd.2025.544996.1372 FA محمد ولائی استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران. 0009-0004-1882-5593 Journal Article 2025 09 03 Introduction In Rural areas where livelihoods are highly dependent on agriculture (Aghayari Heir & Valaei, 2021: 2), water is one of the most vital resources for achieving balanced and sustainable development (Wang et al., 2024b: 1). However, climate change, population growth, and inefficient water governance have placed multiple economic pressures on rural communities (IPCC, 2022). Shifts in climatic patterns and the declining efficiency of agriculture have reduced farmers’ income and food security, thereby threatening socio-economic stability (Trail & Ward, 2024: 1). Water management strategies such as modern irrigation technologies, optimized allocation, infrastructure improvement, and farmer training have been promoted as key responses to these crises (Molden et al., 2018; GWP, 2019). Yet, poor adaptation to local conditions, weak implementation, limited community participation, and financial barriers continue to undermine sustainable development (Meinzen-Dick, 2017; Shah, 2019). In Iran, with its fragile arid climate and limited share of global freshwater resources, the challenge is especially acute. Over 90% of surface water and 58% of groundwater are consumed by agriculture (Sepahvand et al., 2023: 177). In Chaharborj County, where agriculture remains the backbone of local livelihoods, recurrent droughts, groundwater depletion, and excessive withdrawals have led to serious challenges. Mismanagement of water releases, inappropriate scheduling, and overuse by upstream farmers have restricted downstream access, increased costs, triggered social conflicts, and discouraged agricultural activity. As a result, strategic crop yields have declined, out-migration has accelerated, and unemployment and economic stagnation have spread in peri-urban areas. Addressing these challenges requires the identification and implementation of effective, locally grounded water management policies. Methodology This study adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. It is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data collection involved both library research and fieldwork. The study area covers peri-urban settlements of Chaharborj County. In the qualitative phase, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with local officials, water and agricultural experts, village heads, council members, and traditional water managers (mirabs) to identify key water management policies and their impacts. In the quantitative phase, 172 active farmers were randomly selected using Cochran’s formula to analyze household-level economic crises. Data were examined through grounded theory, one-sample t-test, and the SAW technique. Results and discussion In Chaharborj County, qualitative analysis using grounded theory revealed that consecutive droughts, water scarcity, declining precipitation, and deterioration of traditional water transfer networks—particularly ditches and canals—exacerbate economic crises in peri-urban areas. Twelve key and actionable agricultural water management policies were identified: integrating traditional and smart irrigation methods, implementing a water pipeline project from the Zarrineh River, completing concrete canals, farmer training, adjusting cropping patterns toward resilient crops, strengthening the role of mirabs and local managers, enhancing the participation of councils and village leaders, periodic dredging of canals and ditches, allocating water based on land size and traditional rights, installing smart irrigation systems, replacing diesel pumps with electric ones, and providing governmental financial support. These policies target seven major economic crises and, if effectively implemented, are expected to reduce migration (mean = 4.25), increase household production and income (mean = 3.62), enhance employment and job security (mean = 3.21), alleviate household poverty (mean = 3.42), strengthen food security (mean = 3.35), and promote infrastructure investment (mean = 3.32). The village of Khazineh Anbar-e Ghadim recorded the highest overall impact score (0.212), indicating maximum benefit from policy implementation. These findings are consistent with prior research by Bolandi et al. (2024), Towlabinejad et al. (2022), Najaflou et al. (2019), Marques et al. (2022), Chen et al. (2025), Imani et al. (2025), Konstadinos et al. (2025), and others. Conclusion The findings indicate that economic crises in the peri-urban areas of Chaharborj County stem from the interplay of multiple causal and contextual factors, including recurrent droughts, water scarcity, depletion of surface and groundwater resources—such as the drying of Lake Urmia and local rivers—deterioration of water transfer infrastructure, reliance on traditional canals, and weak local governance. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses identified twelve key water management policies: integrating traditional and modern irrigation methods, completing concrete canal projects, implementing the agricultural water pipeline project (highlighted as the most critical policy), adjusting cropping patterns toward salinity- and drought-resistant varieties, strengthening the role of local institutions including councils, village managers, and mirabs, and providing government financial support through subsidies and loans. Effective implementation of these policies is expected to improve resource efficiency, reduce rural-to-urban migration, increase household income and food security, alleviate poverty, and enhance the socio-economic resilience of peri-urban communities. Notably, the villages of Khazineh Anbar Ghadim and Qepchaq were identified as benefiting most from these water management policies in mitigating economic crises. Key words: Agricultural water management; rural economic crises; Chaharborj County. سیاست‌های مدیریت آب نقش اساسی در کاهش بحران‌های اقتصادی ایفا می‌کنند، زیرا با بهینه‌سازی و بهره‌برداری از منابع محدود آب، امکان افزایش تولید، بهبود معیشت و ثبات اقتصادی جوامع روستایی فراهم می‌شود. لذا، این تحقیق باهدف ارزیابی اثرات سیاست‌های مدیریت آب کشاورزی بر کاهش بحران‌های اقتصادی در سکونتگاه‌های پیراشهری تدوین گردید. روش تحقیق حاضر بر روش آمیخته استوار و از نظر هدف کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی استفاده شد. قلمرو مکانی، سکونتگاه‌های پیراشهری شهرستان چهاربرج است. در بخش کیفی، با انجام ۲۴ مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با مسئولان شهرستانی، کارشناسان منابع آب و کشاورزی، دهیاران، اعضای شورای اسلامی و میراب‌ها، سیاست‌های مدیریت آب کشاورزی و پیامدهای آن شناسایی و تحلیل شد. در بخش کمی نیز برای تحلیل بحران‌های اقتصادی، ۱۷۲ کشاورز فعال به‌عنوان نمونه آماری با فرمول کوکران و روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها و اطلاعات از نظریه‌پردازی زمینه‌ای، آزمون تی تک نمونه‌ای و تکنیک SAW استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد، بحران‌های اقتصادی ناشی از تعامل عوامل علّی و زمینه‌ای همچون خشکسالی‌های مکرر، کاهش منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی، فرسودگی زیرساخت‌های انتقال آب و ضعف حکمرانی محلی است. تحلیل‌های کیفی و کمی، ۱۲ سیاست کلیدی شامل؛ ترکیب شیوه‌های سنتی و نوین آبیاری، تکمیل کانال‌ها، اجرای طرح لوله‌گذاری، اصلاح الگوی کشت، تقویت نقش نهادهای محلی و حمایت مالی دولت را شناسایی کرد. اجرای مؤثر این سیاست‌ها موجب افزایش بهره‌وری منابع، کاهش مهاجرت، ارتقای درآمد و امنیت غذایی، کاهش فقر و تقویت تاب‌آوری اقتصادی و اجتماعی سکونتگاه‌ها می‌شود. ضمناً، روستاهای خزینه انبار قدیم و قپچاق نیز در رتبه‌های اول و دوم از نظر تأثیرگذاری سیاست‌ها مدیریت آب در کاهش بحران‌های اقتصادی قرار دارند.