انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 An Analysis of the Effects of Spatial-Physical Expansion of Rural Cores on the City: Qasemabad, Hamedan تحلیلی بر اثرات گسترش فضایی - کالبدی هسته های روستایی بر شهر : قاسم آباد همدان 1 20 246847 10.22034/jpusd.2026.579059.1395 FA مهدی آقامحمدی دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، پردیس البرز دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0009-0003-5013-930X سید عباس رجائی دانشیار گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-6113-2811 کرامت الله زیاری استاد گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. 0000-0001-9135-4768 Journal Article 2026 04 18 Introduction Human settlements, as geographical systems and spatial realities, are shaped through a spatiotemporal process under the influence of space-forming agents and forces (Shamsi et al., 2015). Modern geography, adopting a systemic perspective, studies human societies as spatial systems (Saeedi, 2013, p. 12). These systems—whether urban or rural—are affected not only by internal dynamics but also by external processes in various forms (Sadeghi et al., 2018, p. 20). Moreover, multiple factors, including environmental factors (spatial realities and politico-administrative decisions) as well as locational attributes and communication networks, constitute internal determinants of physical-spatial transformations (Amin-Moghadam, 2011, p. 147). The phenomenon of "rural sprawl" exemplifies this process, whereby agricultural lands and orchards surrounding cities are gradually converted into residential, commercial, and service uses, ultimately leading to the physical fusion of the village with the city (Saeedi & Sadough, 2006, p. 9; Lasemipour et al., 2021, p. 20). In the spatial context of Iran, urban sprawl is of considerable significance. However, in certain rural areas—such as the Qasemabad rural district—due to market economy mechanisms, including the flow of urban and rural capital and population movements from surrounding rural and urban settlements, demand for land acquisition aimed at constructing residential units and industrial-service workshops has intensified. The sprawl process in this area has reached a level that has resulted in the physical contiguity of the rural fabric of Qasemabad with the city of Hamedan. What assumes importance in this context is the analysis of the impacts of such expansion on the host city. The present article aims to investigate the effects of the spatial-physical expansion of the Qasemabad rural core on the city of Hamedan within the framework of a structural-functional approach, with an emphasis on rural-urban linkages. It seeks to demonstrate the multiple and, at times, contradictory consequences that this expansion has entailed for the city. Methodology The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature and method, and applied-developmental in terms of objective. Data were collected through library-based (documentary) and field (survey) methods. The data collection instrument in the field component was a researcher-designed questionnaire. The unit of analysis comprises the native population residing in the Qasemabad neighborhood (the former rural core). SPSS software was employed for data analysis, and the Bayesian paired t-test was utilized to assess the effects of expansion (by comparing pre- and post-annexation conditions). The key indicator in this analysis is the Bayes factor (BF₁₀), which measures the strength of evidence supporting the existence of significant changes between the two temporal periods. Results and discussion The spatial-physical expansion of rural cores around cities is an escalating phenomenon within Iran’s urban system. Moving beyond a purely legal interpretation of "annexation," this research analyzes the impacts of this expansion on the city of Hamedan from the perspective of the annexed settlement (Qasemabad). The findings indicate that this expansion has introduced an unbalanced and dual transformation to the city. To ascertain the effects of the spatial-physical expansion of the Qasemabad rural core on Hamedan, the situation of this neighborhood across various dimensions—before and after the expansion process and its eventual annexation to the city—was compared and analyzed from the residents’ viewpoint. Data were analyzed using the Bayesian paired t-test, which evaluates the strength of evidence for significant differences between the "before" and "after" annexation conditions. The Bayes factor (BF₁₀) serves as the key indicator of this analysis, reflecting the robustness of evidence favoring change. Computational error percentages (error %) in all tests are negligible, indicating the reliability and consistency of the results. Conclusion Although Qasemabad has physically merged with the city and gained access to its benefits, from a functional and social perspective it has transferred a considerable portion of its own problems and predicaments (such as density, pollution, dissatisfaction) to the city, while failing to achieve a desirable level of urban quality of life. This implies that the spatial-physical expansion of rural cores is not merely a matter of physical "attachment," but rather a complex process of reciprocal influence that can pave the way for the formation of an unstable and problematic neighborhood within the city. In conclusion, the expansion of Qasemabad as a rural core, while serving as an instrument for the physical development of the city, has in practice injected a portion of its social and environmental instabilities into the urban system of Hamedan. The success of this process requires a comprehensive perspective that transcends mere physical development—one in which the enhancement of quality of life, the strengthening of social capital, and the preservation of the environment are prioritized alongside infrastructural development. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. یکی از پدیده‌های برجسته در عصر حاضر، شکل‌گیری هسته‌های روستایی-شهری است که مرزهای سنتی میان روستا و شهر را کمرنگ می‌سازد. این نیروها می‌توانند شامل عوامل اقتصادی، مهاجرتی، سیاست‌های توسعه، و نیز تحولات طبیعی باشند که ساختار فضایی این هسته‌ها را بازآرایی می‌کنند. پژوهش با رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی و باهدف بررسی اثرات گسترش فضایی-کالبدی هسته روستایی قاسم‌آباد بر شهر همدان انجام‌شده است. جامعه آماری شامل ساکنان محله قاسم‌آباد همدان است که دست‌کم یک دهه تجربه زندگی در این هسته را داشته‌اند تا بتوانند تغییرات کالبدی و اجتماعی را به‌درستی ارزیابی کنند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای GIS و SPSS و بهره‌گیری از آزمون تی زوجی بیزی تحلیل‌شده‌اند. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که گسترش کالبدی-فضایی قاسم‌آباد که درنهایت به الحاق آن به شهر همدان انجامید، اثراتی دوگانه و نامتوازن بر پیکره شهر داشته است. این گسترش اگرچه در حوزه‌های کالبدی و زیرساختی (نظیر بهبود معابر(2/227=BF) و مقاوم‌سازی مسکن (2/254=BF)، دستاوردهایی مثبت به همراه داشته، اما در ابعاد اجتماعی(773/0BF=)، زیست‌محیطی)8/13(BF= و کیفیت زندگی(591/0(BF=، اثرات منفی را بر شهر تحمیل کرده است. افزایش تراکم جمعیت، کاهش فضای سبز، معضلات ترافیکی، و افزایش حس بیگانگی ساکنان از پیامدهای منفی شناسایی‌شده است. گسترش این هسته روستایی و ادغام آن در شهر، محله‌ای ناپایدار از جنبه‌های اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی را به ساختار شهری همدان افزوده است. تحلیل بیزی شاخص کلی ترکیبی نیز مؤید این عدم‌توازن است(4/429BF₋₀ =). یافته‌های می‌تواند به برنامه‌ریزان شهری در درک بهتر پیامدهای ادغام شتابان هسته‌های روستایی کمک کرده و ضرورت اتخاذ رویکردهای یکپارچه و متوازن را آشکار سازد.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_246847_ec5695c97ffbfe4ed1f2d09a69bb4270.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 Feasibility study of facilitation offices in in organizing of informal settlements(case study Ghaem and Aminabad neighborhoods in Gom) توانسنجی دفاتر تسهیلگری در زمینه توانمندسازی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی(مطالعه موردی: محلات قائم و امین آباد قم ) 21 44 233352 10.22034/jpusd.2025.539955.1363 FA فاطمه تلخابی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جغرافیا و گردشگری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران. 0000-0002-4125-0837 محسن شاطریان استاد گروه جغرافیا و گردشگری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران. 0000-0002-4125-0837 Journal Article 2025 08 11 Introduction In developing and less developed countries, unbalanced urbanization has led to numerous challenges in large cities, including unemployment, inflation, rising housing costs, traffic congestion, and the expansion of informal settlements. Rapid population growth, coupled with the absence of coherent socio-economic development plans and urban development strategies, has exacerbated internal migration and social inequality, resulting in the formation of peri-urban settlements. Migrants often, due to their inability to adapt to urban environments and economic pressures, gradually settle in marginalized areas, which differ significantly in terms of cultural and economic conditions from conventional urban neighborhoods. This phenomenon has created social, economic, and environmental challenges for urban planners, and previous policies, including neglect, forced eviction, or central planning, have largely failed to address these issues. In response to these challenges, the empowerment approach has emerged as an innovative strategy. Empowerment focuses on enhancing local community capacities and skills, promoting active citizen participation in planning, decision-making, and project implementation, while minimizing the direct role of formal planning institutions. Through this approach, residents of marginalized neighborhoods can identify their needs and actively participate in addressing them. However, two main challenges remain: first, the lack of managerial capacity and unfamiliarity with empowerment strategies; second, the lack of trust between residents and municipal authorities, which hampers effective participation. To address these challenges, Iran’s Social Affairs Organization established Facilitation and Local Development Offices in disadvantaged neighborhoods starting in 1976. These offices aim to improve quality of life, strengthen individual and collective capacities, and facilitate interaction between residents and authorities. They conduct neighborhood assessments, provide educational programs, and enable community empowerment. In Qom Province, two facilitation offices operate in Aminabad and Qaem neighborhoods. Their activities have included baseline studies, identification of trusted local representatives, and organization of educational workshops. The primary research question of this study is: "What role do facilitation offices play in empowering the Aminabad and Qaem neighborhoods, and to what extent have residents embraced their initiatives?" Methodology This research employed a descriptive-analytical approach with both library and survey methods. The theoretical framework and the questionnaire items were developed based on prior studies. The study population comprised residents of Qaem (27,000 individuals) and Aminabad (25,000 individuals) neighborhoods in Qom. Using random sampling, 200 participants were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and the one-sample t-test to assess the effectiveness of facilitation office activities and residents’ satisfaction. The study applied a five-point Likert scale ranging from “very low” (1) to “very high” (5) to measure participants’ perceptions. This method allowed the researchers to prioritize various facilitation office activities and compare the performance of the offices across the two neighborhoods. Key indicators included residents’ familiarity with the offices, accessibility, participation in workshops, ability to address economic and social problems, trust-building, and overall impact on local development. Results and discussion Survey results from Qom indicated that residents were most satisfied with aspects such as office introduction, willingness to receive counseling, and the knowledge of office staff. The lowest satisfaction levels were associated with recreational spaces, improvements in the physical environment, and optimal use of incentives for increasing participation. The office’s successful performance in Qom is attributed to engaging trusted local representatives and presence in public and religious spaces. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the presence of some foreign residents reduced trust among certain community members. The t-test showed that, for most variables, office performance exceeded the assumed mean, particularly regarding residents’ willingness to participate, indicating positive outcomes of the facilitation office in Qaem. In Aminabad, the highest satisfaction scores related to office introduction, ease of communication with staff, identification of trusted community members, awareness of workshop venues, and accessibility to office locations. Lowest satisfaction pertained to addressing environmental problems, economic and livelihood issues, and trust of young residents in the offices. The t-test revealed that, except for seven activity domains, the offices’ performance requires improvement. Comparing the two neighborhoods, indicators most strongly affecting office success included the ability to solve economic and livelihood problems, trust-building, and the presence and effectiveness of services. The least impactful factors were public access to meetings, suitability of office space, and use of modern remote communication methods. Overall, the Qom office’s performance was more tangible to residents, yet public satisfaction in both neighborhoods indicates that citizens’ expectations have not been fully met. Conclusion Informal settlements represent one of the most significant urban challenges in developing countries, necessitating comprehensive planning to provide basic and advanced services and to support socio-economic development. The empowerment approach, implemented through facilitation offices in Iran, offers an effective mechanism for improving disadvantaged neighborhoods. These offices identify local needs, coordinate with service providers, provide training, strengthen local institutions, promote home-based and small-scale businesses, and address social issues. The study demonstrated that the Qom office outperformed the Aminabad office in trust-building, identifying community leaders, and resolving economic challenges. Nevertheless, areas such as office space improvement, youth participation, and addressing environmental concerns require attention. The findings highlight that facilitation offices, by enhancing public trust, utilizing local capacities, and improving educational and advisory services, can have a substantial impact on sustainable neighborhood development. While these results align with prior studies, differences in participation rates between neighborhoods underscore the need to tailor empowerment strategies to the social and cultural characteristics of each community. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper اسکان غیررسمی از جلوههای بارز فقر شهری است که به صورت برنامهریزی نشده و ناموزون در درون و یا اطراف شهرها به وجود میآید. این پدیده که محصول توزیع ناعادلانه قدرت، ثروت و خدمات در سطوح ملی و منطقهای می‌باشد، در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان به‌ویژه کشورهای درحال‌توسعه شکل‌گرفته است.هدف این پژوهش توانسنجی دفاتر تسهیلگری درزمینه توانمندسازی سکونتگاه‌های پیراشهری در محلات شهر قائم و امین‌آباد قم می‌باشد. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل ساکنین محلات شهر قائم و امین‌آباد شهر قم میباشند. ازنظر جمعیتی، تعداد 27 هزار نفر در محله قائم و 25 هزار نفر در محله امین‌آباد ساکن هستند. حجم نمونه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Sample Power و با درنظرگرفتن حداکثر اطمینان، حداقل میزان خطا و توان آزمون به تعداد 200 نفر محاسبه شد. به‌منظور ارزیابی میزان موفقیت دفاتر مذکور پرسشنامه‌ها در میان اهالی دو محله هدف توزیع گردید. جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل دادهای جمع‌آوری‌شده از آزمونهای آماری تی تک نمونه‌ای و تحلیل عاملی استفاده‌شده است. از نتایج تحقیق با بررسی وضعیت میانگین هریک از متغیرها می‌توان این‌گونه استنباط نمود به‌استثنای 8 زمینه فعالیتی دفاتر تسهیلگری در سایر زمینه‌ها نتوانسته عملکرد موفقی داشته باشد و نیازمند بازبینی در وضعیت فعالیتی دفاتر، بهبود شرایط و رفع کاستیها موجود میباشند. همچنین میزان رضایت عمومی مردم از عملکرد دفاتر تسهیلگری در سطح دو محلات نشان از عدم برآورده ساختن انتظارت مردمی در این محلات دارد.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_233352_0e7020ec9df3b092d3d1a939c21b6a51.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 Requirements for achieving an integrated urban-rural management model around Tehran metropolis (Case study: Rey Area) الزامات دستیابی به الگوی مدیریت یکپارچه شهری ـ روستایی در پیرامون کلانشهر تهران(مورد مطالعه: ناحیه ری) 45 72 237101 10.22034/jpusd.2025.548831.1377 FA سیاوش عطایی دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران. 0009-0007-0997-365X اصغر نوروزی دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران 0000-0002-5609-7855 مصطفی طالشی استاد، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران. 0000-0002-9228-3532 Journal Article 2025 09 23 Introduction Urban regions (metropolitan) can become the main center for attracting labor, knowledge, infrastructure, and spatial connectivity. However, the existing administrative–managerial structures are outdated—and inadequate for effective management, they are also inefficient in solving complex socio-economic and infrastructural issues in both the core and Peripheral Areas. This structural deficiency has intensified the critical lack of synergy between the socio-economic subsystems and the socio-ecological subsystems of the rural areas around the Tehran metropolis. Therefore, adopting integrated management and policy-making is crucial to tackle the issues of the metropolitan area, particularly rural settlements located within, focusing on integration management and ecological resilience of the metropolitan periphery. In this regard, the present study based on identifying the factors influencing the implementation of integrated urban–rural management in Rey County. Finally, it analyzes the degree of influence of each factor. for this purpose, The main research question is: What are the requirements for achieving an integrated urban–rural management model in the Rey region? Methodology This study has been conducted with the aim of identifying the requirements for achieving an integrated urban–rural management model around of Tehran metropolis, the case study of this research is the Rey region. This is an applied research, and in terms of methodology, it is descriptive–analytical. Based on the data required, both documentary and field approaches have been used. Data were collected through interviews and a researcher-designed questionnaire (consisting of 88 items organized into 24 indicators). it included academic experts and executive managers ( county governorate, district office, municipality, rural municipality, department of environment, department of agricultural jihad, and the Housing Foundation), and local experts and community managers in Rey County. In this study, The statistical sample consisted of rural settlements located around the Tehran metropolis. 60 villages were purposefully selected from among those situated close functional connections with the city. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, factor analysis, the Durbin–Watson test, and path analysis in SPSS software. Results and discussion Based on the finding of the study, urban–rural management around of Tehran metropolis, it requires a paradigmatic shift from traditional, fragmented, and disconnected approaches toward integrated management. The study identified eight key factors: Territorial-political Integration (with two indicators), Structural–Managerial Integration (with four indicators), Organizational-Sectoral Integration (with four indicators), Functional–Executive Integration (with two indicators), Financial–Credit Integration (with two indicators), Legal Integration (with two indicators), Vertical Integration (with two indicators), Citizen-oriented Approach (with four indicators). each factor represent an influential element in achieving the integrated urban–rural management model. These factors demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional nature of urban–rural management which provides an appropriate framework for integrated management in the case study. The results show the degrees of influence of each factor, respectively: Policy–Territorial Integration (β = -4.824),Vertical Integration (β = 2.873),Citizen-Centric Approach (β = 2.132),Legal Integration (β = 2.008),Sectoral–Organizational Integration (β = -1.514),Structural–Managerial Integration (β = -0.919),Functional–Executive Integration (β = -0.747). Financial–Credit Integrity, due to an error level exceeded 0.05, it has no direct impact on the integrated urban–rural management model. Therefore, the key to achieving a successful model is choosing the correct approach and pay attention to essential requirements in integrated management. It is necessary, a transition from top-down and centralized approaches toward participatory, flexible approaches be undertaken as a powerful strategic to improve integrated urban–rural management. Conclusion The finding indicate that, despite the theoretical potential to enhance efficiency and effectiveness, in practice it exhibits a complex, multidimensional, and context-dependent nature. the results obtained from path analysis indicate considering the negative Beta coefficient, territorial-policy integration, organizational-sectoral integration, structural-managerial integration, and functional-executive integration, despite direct effect do not guarantee positive outcomes. in the case study, effectiveness of integrated urban-rural management Strongly depends on the quality of its implementation. Funding According to the authors, this article has no financial support. Authors’ Contribution The article is an excerpt from a doctoral dissertation, the first author is a student, the second author serves as a supervisor, and the third author serves as an advisor. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank all individuals for their scientific advice, guidance, and participation. نارسایی‌های ساختاری نظام مدیریت، ناهماهنگی میان زیرسیستم‌های اجتماعی - اقتصادی و اکولوژیکی- اجتماعی نواحی روستایی پیرامون کلانشهرها را تشدید کرده است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناسایی الزامات دستیابی به الگوی مدیریت یکپارچه شهری ـ روستایی در پیرامون کلانشهر تهران انجام‌شده است. پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و ازنظر ماهیت، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری، 60 سکونتگاه روستایی واقع در حریم کلانشهر تهران از توابع ناحیه ری می‌باشد. جامعه هدف شامل خبرگان دانشگاهی، مدیران دستگاه‌های اجرایی، مدیران و خبرگان محلی بوده‌اند که به‌صورت هدفمند، با استفاده از روش گلوله‌برفی انتخاب‌شده‌اند. به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات از تحلیل عاملی و تحلیل مسیر در محیط نرمافزار SPSS استفاده‌شده است. نتایج نشان داد، هشت عامل یکپارچگی سیاستی ـ سرزمینی، یکپارچگی ساختاری ـ مدیریتی، یکپارچگی بخشی ـ سازمانی، یکپارچگی عملکردی ـ اجرایی، یکپارچگی مالی ـ اعتباری، یکپارچگی قانونی، یکپارچگی عمودی و شهروندمداری به‌عنوان الزامات تحقق‌پذیریِ الگوی مدیریت یکپارچه شهری ـ روستایی شناسایی‌شده‌اند که درمجموع 98 درصد واریانس را تبیین می‌کنند. درنهایت براساس نتایج تحلیل مسیر، یکپارچگی سرزمینی ـ سیاستی، یکپارچگی سازمانی ـ بخشی، یکپارچگی ساختاری ـ مدیریتی و یکپارچگی عملکردی ـ اجرایی با اثرگذاری مستقیم بر شکل‌گیری مدیریت یکپارچه شهری ـ روستایی با «ضریب بتای منفی» بر این نکته تأکیددارند که تحقق یکپارچه‌سازی، تضمین‌کننده نتایج مثبت نیست؛ بلکه یکپارچگی مدیریت شهری ـ روستایی به‌شدت وابسته به کیفیت اجرای الزامات بنیادین آن است.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_237101_6d0db4d6a26f51a4734bb07a37e472a5.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 The Impact of Drought on Population Displacement and its Social Consequences in Urban Peripheral Spaces of Zanjan تأثیر خشکسالی بر جابجایی جمعیت و پیامدهای اجتماعی آن در فضاهای پیراشهری زنجان 73 94 242945 10.22034/jpusd.2026.574408.1392 FA سعید عباسی دکتری گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. 0009-0003-5137-4870 بهروز محمدی یگانه دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران 0000-0003-0636-0595 Journal Article 2026 02 07 Introduction Drought disrupts livelihood and ecological systems in peri-urban areas, triggering widespread population displacement. This displacement leaves profound social consequences on the structure of both origin and destination communities, including the disintegration of social networks, exacerbated inequalities, and altered patterns of urban settlement. Iran, with an average annual rainfall of 260 mm (one-third of the global average), is among the world's arid countries and has limited water resources. Due to population growth, expansion of the agricultural and technological sectors, and similar factors, the per capita renewable water resources in Iran have declined. According to United Nations forecasts, by the 2020s, this amount will fall below the water scarcity threshold (1000 cubic meters), plunging the country into severe water scarcity. This will widen the gap between water supply and demand, leading to economic losses, socio-political tensions, and health risks. Therefore, these combined conditions underscore that water scarcity is a central social issue (Astaneh et al., 2019: 110). Zanjan City, the capital of Zanjan Province and one of the cities in northwestern Iran, has experienced rapid population growth and physical expansion in recent decades. This expansion has largely occurred in a dispersed, peripheral manner, primarily on lands surrounding the city. The peripheral areas of Zanjan, which were once mainly villages and agricultural lands, have now become arenas for rapid land-use changes, extensive migration, and the formation of heterogeneous urban fabrics. These areas serve as connecting rings and transitional zones between the city and the countryside and, due to multiple and often weak management, are highly vulnerable. On the other hand, Zanjan Province, and particularly the peri-urban area of Zanjan City, has increasingly faced prolonged droughts, declining rainfall, falling groundwater levels, and reduced surface water flow in recent years. This has undermined the economic and livelihood foundations of the residents in these areas. Under such conditions, ignoring the social and human dimensions of drought-induced displacement can deepen inequalities and exacerbate social harms. Therefore, addressing this issue is critically important not only in urban and rural planning but also in broader developmental policy-making. A detailed examination of the social impacts of these displacements can help identify critical points, develop damage mitigation strategies, and enhance the resilience of local communities against environmental crises. Accordingly, the main research question is posed as follows: What social impacts has drought-induced displacement had in the peri-urban areas of Zanjan, and which of these impacts has been more significant? Methodology This applied research employed a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method and a questionnaire tool. Data were collected from two groups: 50 experts (using the Delphi method) and 334 local residents on the outskirts of Zanjan city. Data analysis utilized Delphi, one-sample t-test, and the DEMATEL model. Results and discussion The Delphi results indicate a strong consensus and high stability in expert opinions regarding the social impact indicators, as the negligible difference in crisp values between the two stages (between 0.004 and 0.015) confirms the content validity and reliability of the research indicator framework. Based on the one-sample t-test results, migration to the periphery of Zanjan has led to fragile and unstable economic improvements, failing to eliminate the structural vulnerability caused by drought. Conversely, this displacement has been accompanied by a deep rupture in social networks, a decline in the sense of belonging, and increased stress, creating a "vulnerability trap" that reduces the resilience of migrants and casts doubt on the sustainability of settlement in these areas.Finally, according to the DEMATEL model, "Economic Status" is the key driver (cause) of the system, exerting the most influence on other components, while "Future Outlook" is a dependent component (effect). "Social Cohesion" and "Mental Health" play crucial mediating roles. To prevent economic growth from translating into social division, interventions must simultaneously focus on economic improvement and strengthening support networks. Conclusion This research demonstrates that drought-induced displacement to the periphery of Zanjan is a complex process with contradictory outcomes. Although migration has slightly improved the economic conditions of some households, this improvement is superficial and unstable and has not eliminated the structural vulnerability caused by drought. In contrast, the social cost of this displacement has been substantial. The severe breakdown of traditional support networks, decreased social participation and sense of belonging, and increased stress and anxiety are among the most prominent negative impacts. This erosion of social capital has severely undermined the resilience of the migrant community against future shocks. Structural relationship analysis also confirms that economic and livelihood status plays the role of a key driver, while future prospects and sustainability are a dependent and resultant component. Therefore, short-term economic improvements cannot compensate for the loss of social cohesion and identity. Ultimately, it can be said that forced migration in this context, rather than creating a successful transition, has created a kind of "vulnerability trap" in which migrants on the urban periphery are caught in fragile conditions lacking adequate social support. This finding underscores the necessity of designing integrated policy interventions that simultaneously address sustainable livelihoods and the strengthening of social capital. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. خشکسالی با مختل‌کردن نظام‌های معیشتی و زیست‌محیطی در مناطق پیراشهری، محرک جابجایی‌های گسترده جمعیتی می‌شود. این جابجایی‌ها، پیامدهای اجتماعی عمیقی بر ساختار جوامع مبدأ و مقصد، ازجمله فروپاشی شبکه‌های اجتماعی، تشدید نابرابری‌ها و تغییر الگوهای اسکان شهری بر جای می‌گذارد. پژوهش حاضر باهدف تأثیر خشکسالی بر جابجایی جمعیت و پیامدهای اجتماعی آن در فضاهای پیراشهری زنجان انجام‌شده است. این پژوهش کاربردی با روش ترکیبی (کیفی-کمی) و ابزار پرسشنامه انجام شد. داده‌ها از دو گروه ۵۰ نفری از خبرگان (با روش دلفی) و 334 نفر از ساکنان محلی حاشیه شهر زنجان، گردآوری شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش‌های دلفی، آزمون t تک‌نمونه‌ای و مدل DEMATEL استفاده گردید. نتایج روش دلفی حاکی از اجماع قوی و پایداری بالا در نظرات خبرگان نسبت به شاخص‌های اثرات اجتماعی است، به‌طوری‌که اختلاف ناچیز مقادیر کریسپ بین دو مرحله (بین 004/0 تا 015/0)، اعتبار محتوایی و قابلیت اتکای چارچوب شاخص‌های پژوهش را تأیید می‌کند. سپس براساس نتایج آزمون t تک نمونهای، مهاجرت به حاشیه شهر زنجان منجر به بهبودهای اقتصادی شکننده و ناپایدار شده است که آسیب‌پذیری ساختاری ناشی از خشکسالی را رفع نکرده است. در مقابل، این جابجایی با گسست عمیق شبکه‌های اجتماعی، سقوط حس تعلق و افزایش استرس همراه بوده و یک «تله آسیب‌پذیری» ایجاد کرده که تاب‌آوری مهاجران را کاهش داده و پایداری سکونت در این مناطق را با تردید مواجه ساخته است. درنهایت براساس مدل دیمتل، «وضعیت اقتصادی» پیشران کلیدی (علت) سیستم است و بیشترین تأثیر را بر دیگر مؤلفه‌ها می‌گذارد، درحالی‌که «چشم‌انداز آینده» یک مؤلفه وابسته (معلول) است. «انسجام اجتماعی» و «سلامت روانی» نقش واسطه حیاتی دارند و برای جلوگیری از تبدیل رشد اقتصادی به شکاف اجتماعی، مداخلات باید به‌طور هم‌زمان بر بهبود اقتصاد و تقویت شبکه‌های حمایتی متمرکز شوند.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_242945_a7c8aa435c723a436e642459d82ed2f5.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 Identifying Key Factors Affecting the Decline of Seismic Resilience in Urban Peripheral Areas with an Emphasis on Urban Growth and Development Dimensions (Case Study: Bojnord) شناسایی عوامل کلیدی مؤثر بر کاهش تاب‌آوری لرزه‌ای مناطق پیراشهری با تأکید بر ابعاد رشد و توسعه شهری (موردمطالعه: بجنورد) 95 124 230710 10.22034/jpusd.2025.541625.1364 FA صادق خانی کوشکی دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد شیروان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیروان، ایران 0009-0009-0441-073X رمضانعلی نادری مایوان استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه کوثر بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران. 0000-0003-3467-8584 فرزاد قادری بافتی استادیار گروه مدیریت ساخت، واحد شیروان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیروان، ایران. 0000-0002-5334-5331 Journal Article 2025 08 16 Introduction The urban peripheral areas of Bojnord face increasing challenges in seismic resilience due to urban growth and development. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the factors influencing this resilience, with a focus on various dimensions of urban expansion. The primary objective is to develop a deeper understanding of existing complexities and identify pathways for improving conditions in these areas. Bojnord, the capital of North Khorasan Province, has experienced significant urban development in recent years. However, this rapid and often unplanned expansion marked by scattered construction that disregards engineering safety standards has increased the seismic vulnerability of areas near active faults. The city’s aging infrastructure, largely composed of traditional, non-reinforced materials that fail to meet modern seismic codes, is particularly at risk, especially in fault-adjacent zones where earthquakes could cause severe human and economic losses. Compounding the problem, uncontrolled urban sprawl and illegal construction on the city’s outskirts have left entire neighborhoods without resilient infrastructure or safety-compliant buildings, amplifying potential disaster impacts. Another critical issue is the lack of open spaces and safe gathering points, which are vital for emergency shelter and protection during crises a shortfall with potentially catastrophic consequences in high-risk areas. Further concerns arise from vulnerable critical infrastructure (e.g., power grids, water systems, and telecommunications), which lack adequate reinforcement and could fail post-disaster. Public awareness and training on earthquake preparedness are also insufficient, with the absence of systematic educational programs exacerbating the city’s fragility. Addressing these challenges requires smart urban planning, seismic retrofitting of buildings, infrastructure upgrades, and community training. Key solutions include renovating dilapidated structures, enforcing construction standards for new builds (particularly near fault lines), and strategically developing open spaces and emergency hubs to mitigate risks. Ultimately, Bojnord’s urban growth must align with comprehensive resilience strategies to safeguard its residents. This study seeks to identify the key factors undermining seismic resilience in Bojnord’s Peripheral Areas, emphasizing urban development dimensions. The findings could inform policymaking, infrastructure improvements, and public awareness campaigns paving the way for a safer, more disaster-resistant city. Methodology This research is an applied qualitative study conducted through a descriptive-analytical survey approach. Data was collected via documentary and library research, as well as field interviews with 35 managers and experts in Bojnord County (using purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved). Data analysis was performed using grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin’s approach), involving open, axial, and selective coding stages. The 60 to 90-minute interviews were recorded, transcribed, and categorized using a paradigmatic model (causal, contextual, and intervening factors) to derive a data-driven theory. Results and discussion The results revealed that the decline in seismic resilience in Bojnord suburbs is influenced by three key factors: causal factors (such as migration, fear of property devaluation, and local tensions), contextual factors (including non-resistant traditional architecture, active faults, and lack of infrastructure investment), and intervening factors (such as managerial and executive weaknesses, as well as shortcomings in crisis management). These factors interact simultaneously in a networked manner, collectively undermining the seismic stability of these areas. Therefore, enhancing Bojnord seismic resilience requires comprehensive and coordinated planning across social, cultural, economic, managerial, and infrastructural dimensions. Conclusion This study comprehensively and meticulously uncovers the root causes behind the decline in seismic resilience in Bojnord urban peripheral areas. The results clearly demonstrate that this complex issue stems from deep-seated social, psychological, managerial, economic, and even cultural factors transcending any single dimension. Causal factors reveal that the problems originate from within Bojnord societal fabric. Rural-urban migration has fragmented the social structure and deepened generational divides. Psychological barriers, such as the normalization of earthquake risks and fears of property devaluation, deter residents from retrofitting buildings. Declining public participation and the absence of active civil organizations have eroded social capital, nearly eliminating community oversight. Even local political tensions over budget allocations exacerbate the situation. Together, these elements have created a perilous foundation for seismic vulnerability. Contextual factors highlight historical and geographical predispositions to this fragility. Traditional architecture and a fatalistic attitude toward natural disasters, combined with Bojnord location in a border region atop active faults, double the threat. Inadequate investment in resilient infrastructure and reliance on limited industries further undermine material and economic resilience. Cultural and psychological issues like risk denial and the spread of misinformation fuel public apathy and unpreparedness. Intervening factors expose systemic failures: even with problem awareness, managerial weaknesses, bureaucratic hurdles, and political challenges obstruct effective solutions. Institutional fragmentation, lax oversight, inefficient crisis management, and a shortage of skilled personnel pose critical barriers to progress. Elite turnover and misguided political priorities further derail long-term resilience programs. This multilayered crisis demands integrated action bridging social cohesion, infrastructure modernization, policy reform, and public education to transform Bojnord into a seismically resilient city. Only by addressing these intertwined dimensions can meaningful, sustainable progress be achieved. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. مناطق پیراشهری بجنورد به دلیل رشد و توسعه شهری، با چالش‌های فزاینده‌ای در زمینه تاب‌آوری لرزه‌ای روبرو هستند. این مطالعه به بررسی جامع عوامل مؤثر بر این تاب‌آوری، با تأکید بر ابعاد مختلف رشد و توسعه شهری، می‌پردازد. هدف اصلی، ارائه درکی عمیق از پیچیدگی‌های موجود و تعیین مسیرهایی برای بهبود وضعیت در این مناطق است. این پژوهش یک مطالعه کاربردی با رویکرد کیفی است که به روش پیمایشی توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام‌شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مطالعات اسنادی، کتابخانه‌ای و مصاحبه‌های میدانی با ۳۵ نفر از مدیران و متخصصان شهرستان بجنورد (به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری) گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با روش گراندد تئوری (نسخه استراوس و کوربین) انجام شد که شامل مراحل کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی بود. مصاحبه‌های ۶۰ تا ۹۰ دقیقه‌ای ضبط، پیاده‌سازی و با الگوی پارادایمی (علّی، زمینه‌ای، مداخله‌گر) دسته‌بندی شدند تا نظریه‌ای مبتنی بر داده‌ها استخراج شود. نتایج نشان داد که کاهش تاب‌آوری لرزه‌ای مناطق پیراشهری بجنورد تحت تأثیر سه دسته عوامل کلیدی قرار دارد: عوامل علی (مانند مهاجرت، ترس از کاهش ارزش ملک و تنش‌های محلی)، عوامل زمینه‌ای (شامل معماری سنتی غیرمقاوم، گسل‌های فعال و عدم سرمایه‌گذاری در زیرساخت‌ها) و عوامل مداخله‌گر (نظیر ضعف‌های مدیریتی، اجرایی و مشکلات در مدیریت بحران). این عوامل به‌صورت شبکه‌ای و همزمان عمل کرده و به تضعیف پایداری لرزه‌ای این مناطق منجر شده‌اند. بنابراین، بهبود تاب‌آوری لرزه‌ای بجنورد نیازمند برنامه‌ریزی جامع و هماهنگ در ابعاد اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی، مدیریتی و زیرساختی است.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_230710_968cbf7e798cc9ea765155773f8d6e98.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 Analysis of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Applications on the Management of Residential Projects in Peri-Urban Areas of Shiraz تحلیل تأثیر کاربرد هوش مصنوعی بر مدیریت پروژه‌های مسکونی فضاهای پیراشهری شیراز 125 146 242946 10.22034/jpusd.2026.565889.1387 FA آرزو مومنیان گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی ـ مهندسی گرمسار،گرمسار، ایران. 0000-0001-5278-0799 بی بی کلان پردلی گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران. 0009-0006-5400-0243 میثم ذکاوت گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی ـ مهندسی گرمسار،گرمسار، ایران. 0000-0003-0820-2689 Journal Article 2025 12 15 Introduction In Iran, residential projects—especially in the peripheries of large cities—face significant challenges, including delays, cost overruns, poor quality, weak coordination among stakeholders, and multiple risks. The peri-urban areas of Shiraz, experiencing rapid construction growth and increasing pressure on housing supply, provide a suitable context to analyze how ai can be integrated into residential project management. Rapid population growth and housing demand highlight the need for professionally managed residential projects. Without leveraging modern technologies like ai, resources may be wasted, risks increase, and construction quality may decline. Examining AI applications in the peri-urban areas of Shiraz can identify successful patterns and local challenges, offering practical guidance to decision-makers and construction firms. Therefore, a case study in Shiraz’s peri-urban spaces can serve as a local reference model. Methodology This study adopts a descriptive–analytical and applied research approach. Its main goal is to examine and analyze the impact of ai applications on residential project management in Shiraz’s peri-urban areas. Since the research seeks to uncover relationships between variables and measure the level of impact, quantitative statistical methods and field data analysis were employed. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire covering two variables: “AI applications in residential projects” and “residential project management,” designed based on indicators extracted from previous domestic and international studies. The statistical population included experts, professionals in construction, and academic researchers related to project management and technology. Using a convenience sample (snowball sampling), the sample size was 209, and stratified random sampling ensured adequate representation of each group. The questionnaire’s validity was confirmed by expert opinions in project management and IT, and reliability was verified via Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.93), indicating excellent reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results and discussion The findings indicate that AI applications have a significant and substantial impact on improving peri-urban residential project management. Pearson correlation results showed a very strong and positive relationship between AI applications and project management (r = 0.971), meaning that increased use of AI tools in design, supervision, scheduling, and cost control directly enhances project management effectiveness. This underscores ai’s role as a key driver in improving efficiency, decision-making accuracy, and reducing managerial risks in peri-urban projects. Simple linear regression results show a determination coefficient of R² = 0.943, indicating that approximately 94% of the variation in residential project management can be explained by ai applications. The model’s statistical significance (Sig = 0.000) and high F-statistic (F = 1343.7) confirm its validity, demonstrating that the independent variable effectively predicts the dependent variable. ANOVA results reveal significant differences among expert groups (construction sector, municipality, and academic/research institutions) regarding AI’s impact on residential project management (F = 157.946). This suggests that familiarity and interaction with ai technologies vary across work environments, with each group perceiving ai’s impact differently based on activity type and technology access. Duncan post-hoc tests indicated the highest mean scores for academics/researchers (4.69), experts (3.99), and construction practitioners (3.53). These results show that academics, due to greater familiarity with ai theories, algorithms, and functionalities, have the strongest belief in AI’s effectiveness, whereas construction practitioners, due to operational and infrastructure limitations, perceive lower impact. Overall, these differences emphasize the need for training programs, knowledge transfer, and technological investment in peri-urban project operations. Conclusion This study demonstrates that ai applications have a strong and positive effect on peri-urban residential project management. Increased use of intelligent technologies in design, supervision, scheduling, and cost control enhances project managers’ performance in terms of time, cost, and quality. The high determination coefficient confirms AI’s role as a strong explanatory factor in improving project management. Moreover, differences in perceptions among expert groups highlight the importance of training, knowledge transfer, and technological investment to effectively utilize AI in operational settings. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند فرآیندهای برنامه‌ریزی، کنترل هزینه، مدیریت کیفیت و هماهنگی بین ذینفعان را بهبود دهد و بهره‌وری و شفافیت پروژه‌ها را افزایش دهد. هدف اصلی این مطالعه، تحلیل تأثیر کاربردهای ai بر مدیریت پروژه‌های مسکونی فضاهای پیراشهری شهری است تا میزان و نحوه اثرگذاری آن بر بهبود عملکرد فرآیندهای مدیریت پروژه مشخص گردد.این تحقیق از نوع توصیفی–تحلیلی و کاربردی است. داده‌ها به‌صورت میدانی از طریق پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته جمع‌آوری شده‌اند و جامعه آماری شامل کارشناسان، متخصصان حوزه ساخت‌وساز و کارشناسان دانشگاهی است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از نموه در دسترس 209 نفر تعیین گردید. از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، تی تک نمونه ای، همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون خطی، تحلیل واریانس و تعقیبی دانکن استفاده شد. این پژوهش در فضاهای پیراشهری شیراز انجام شده است و نتایج آن محدود به ساختار و ویژگی‌های پیراشهری، سازمانی و پروژه‌ای این قلمرو جغرافیایی می‌باشد. تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی سه بعد اصلی کاربردهای ai در پروژه‌های مسکونی فضاهای پیراشهری شهری را شناسایی کرد که ۸۸ درصد واریانس کل را تبیین می‌کنند: «خودکارسازی و بهینه‌سازی فرآیندها»، «یادگیری و پیش‌بینی هوشمند» و «پشتیبانی تصمیم و نظارت هوشمند». آزمون همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین کاربردهای ai و شاخص‌های مدیریت پروژه رابطه‌ای بسیار قوی و معنادار وجود دارد (r = 0/971). رگرسیون خطی ساده تأثیر مستقیم و معنادار کاربردهای ai بر بهبود عملکرد مدیریت پروژه‌های مسکونی را با ضریب تعیین 943/۰ تأیید کرد. همچنین، نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس (ANOVA) و آزمون تعقیبی دانکن تفاوت معناداری در دیدگاه گروه‌های شغلی مختلف نشان داد؛ به‌گونه‌ای که کارشناسان دانشگاهی و پژوهشگران بالاترین میانگین تأثیرپذیری را نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها گزارش کردند. این نتایج بیانگر آن است که استفاده هدفمند از فناوری‌های ai می‌تواند در زمینه‌هایی مانند برنامه‌ریزی زمانی، برآورد هزینه، ارزیابی ریسک، کنترل کیفیت و تصمیم‌گیری مدیریتی نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای ایفا کند.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_242946_0ad6b486d092bb73db773482ab4721a9.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 Evaluating the Role of Water Resources Management in the Economic Resilience of Rural Areas (Case Study: Peri-urban Villages Around the City of Zanjan) ارزیابی نقش مدیریت منابع آب در تاب آوری اقتصادی نواحی روستایی(مطالعه موردی: روستاهای پیرامونی شهر زنجان) 147 176 242947 10.22034/jpusd.2026.543459.1370 FA منیژه احمدی استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. 0009-0005-0857-6578 مریم بوژه دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. 0009-0000-6062-8172 Journal Article 2025 08 26 Introduction Water is a scarce socio-economic resource and a fundamental human necessity. Iran is located in the world’s arid and semi-arid belt. With an average annual precipitation of about 250 mm—less than one-third of the global average—and inefficient water resources management, the country faces serious constraints to sustainable development. Previous studies indicate that Iran will be among the countries experiencing severe water stress in the near future. At present, the significant imbalance between water consumption and renewable resources, aggravated by overextraction of groundwater, has resulted in a national water deficit of approximately 90 billion cubic meters. These conditions have led to widespread water shortages across the country. Given these challenges, adopting effective water management strategies is essential for addressing problems associated with declining water quantity and quality. The central question of this research is: What is the relationship between water resources management and rural economic resilience? Accordingly, the objective of this study is to assess the role of water resources management in improving economic resilience in order to support the economies of peri-urban villages surrounding the city of Zanjan. Methodology This study is applied and adopts a descriptive–analytical approach.the statistical population consists of 2,254 households residing in six peri-urban villages around Zanjan. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 328 households—specifically farmers and orchardists—was selected through systematic proportional allocation. Data were collected through documentary research and field surveys using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses, including the one-sample t test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS software, were employed to analyze the data and test the research hypotheses. Results and discussion The findings indicate that both water resources management (mean = 2.43) and economic resilience (mean = 2.62) in the studied peri-urban villages are below the desired levels based on the adopted measurement scale. This suggests that current water management practices are insufficient to fully support the economic stability and adaptability of these rural communities. Furthermore, significant differences in the level of water resources management were observed among the villages. Among the six villages studied, Dizaj-Abad exhibited the highest mean rank of 211.61, indicating relatively better water management practices and higher capacity to cope with economic challenges. In contrast, Panbeh Jogh had the lowest mean rank of 102.55, reflecting substantial deficiencies in local water management and limited resilience to economic stressors. These disparities highlight the uneven distribution of water management infrastructure, investment, and community participation across the region. Villages with higher ranks tend to have better access to financial facilities, improved irrigation systems, and more active involvement of residents in decision-making processes. On the other hand, villages with lower ranks may suffer from inadequate infrastructure, limited technical management, and lower engagement of local stakeholders, which exacerbate vulnerability to economic shocks. The observed differences underscore the critical role of local governance, resource allocation, and participatory management in enhancing economic resilience. These findings are consistent with previous studies indicating that efficient water resources management is a key determinant of rural communities’ capacity to adapt to environmental and economic challenges. Conclusion Results from structural equation modeling demonstrate that water resources management exerts a significant positive effect (standardized path coefficient = 0.86) on the economic resilience of the studied villages. All regression weights (factor loadings) in the measurement model are positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition, all Critical Ratio (C.R.) values exceed 1.96, confirming the statistical significance of the estimated relationships. the findings demonstrate that water resources management significantly influences the economic resilience of peri-urban villages surrounding Zanjan. Both water management and economic resilience are currently below optimal levels, with considerable variation among villages. Effective policies, investment in infrastructure, technical management, and the adoption of modern technologies play crucial roles in enhancing rural economic stability. These findings underscore the importance of participatory decision-making and strategic investment in water-related resources. While the study is limited to six villages, it provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders seeking to improve water management practices and strengthen rural livelihoods in similar arid and semi-arid contexts. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the residents of the studied villages for their cooperation in completing the questionnaires. آب به‌عنوان منبع حیاتی بااهمیت اقتصادی و اجتماعی، یکی از نیازهای اولیه انسان است. کشور ایران با میانگین بارش سالانه ۲۵۰ میلی‌متر — کمتر از یک‌سوم متوسط بارندگی جهان — به‌لحاظ موقعیت جغرافیایی در منطقه خشک و نیمه‌خشک جهان قرار دارد و ضعف مدیریت در منابع آب یکی از مهم‌ترین موانع توسعه پایدار محسوب می‌گردد. هدف تحقیق حاضر مشخص کردن نقش مدیریت آب در تاب‌آوری اقتصادی نواحی روستایی است. نوع تحقیق کاربردی و ماهیت آن توصیفی-تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق ۶ روستای پیرامونی شهر زنجان است که اطلاعات آن‌ها به روش کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی جمع‌آوری‌شده است. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی (آزمون تی تک‌نمونه‌ای، کروسکال‌والیس و معادلات ساختاری ایموس) استفاده‌شده است. نتایج حاصل از یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد که شاخص مدیریت منابع آب با آماره آزمون تی تک‌نمونه‌ای ۱۷٫۲۱- و شاخص تاب‌آوری اقتصادی با آماره آزمون تی تک‌نمونه‌ای ۱۲٫۴۰- در وضعیت نامطلوبی میباشند. یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل تفاوت معنادار میان شاخص‌های مدیریت منابع آب نشان می‌دهد که بیشترین میزان تفاوت معنادار مربوط به شاخص‌های «اقتصاد و سرمایه‌گذاری» و «مشارکت در تصمیم‌گیری‌ها و سیاست‌گذاری‌ها» بوده است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که مقادیر آماره آزمون به‌ترتیب برابر با ۲۷/۲۶- و 35/25- به‌دست آمد. نتایج آزمون کروسکال والیس نشان میدهد که بین روستاها تفاوت‌های معناداری وجود دارد. مقدار آماره کروسکال والیس برابر با 33/325 و سطح معناداری 0.000 بوده است که بیانگر وجود تفاوت معنادار آماری در مدیریت منابع آب در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد است. همچنین نتایج پژوهش حاکی از آن است که شاخص‌هایی نظیر «سیاست‌گذاری، قوانین و مقررات مرتبط با مدیریت منابع آب»، «ارائه تسهیلات و اعتبارات مالی»، «توسعه زیرساخت‌ها»، «مدیریت بهره‌برداری از مزارع»، «حفاظت از تأسیسات آبی»، «مدیریت فنی» و «به‌کارگیری فناوری‌های نوین» نقش مؤثری در ارتقای تاب‌آوری اقتصادی روستاهای موردمطالعه ایفا می‌کنند.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_242947_7a150cd4167b5fe227447b46794747d1.pdf

انجمن جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی ایران توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری 2676-4164 8 2 2026 06 22 The Effects of Agricultural Water Management Policies on Reducing Economic Crises in Peri Urban Settlements (Case Study: Chaharborj County) اثرات سیاست‌های مدیریت آب کشاورزی بر کاهش بحرانهای اقتصادی در سکونتگاه‌های پیراشهری (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان چهاربرج) 177 206 233575 10.22034/jpusd.2025.544996.1372 FA محمد ولائی استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران. 0009-0004-1882-5593 Journal Article 2025 09 03 Introduction In Rural areas where livelihoods are highly dependent on agriculture (Aghayari Heir & Valaei, 2021: 2), water is one of the most vital resources for achieving balanced and sustainable development (Wang et al., 2024b: 1). However, climate change, population growth, and inefficient water governance have placed multiple economic pressures on rural communities (IPCC, 2022). Shifts in climatic patterns and the declining efficiency of agriculture have reduced farmers’ income and food security, thereby threatening socio-economic stability (Trail & Ward, 2024: 1). Water management strategies such as modern irrigation technologies, optimized allocation, infrastructure improvement, and farmer training have been promoted as key responses to these crises (Molden et al., 2018; GWP, 2019). Yet, poor adaptation to local conditions, weak implementation, limited community participation, and financial barriers continue to undermine sustainable development (Meinzen-Dick, 2017; Shah, 2019). In Iran, with its fragile arid climate and limited share of global freshwater resources, the challenge is especially acute. Over 90% of surface water and 58% of groundwater are consumed by agriculture (Sepahvand et al., 2023: 177). In Chaharborj County, where agriculture remains the backbone of local livelihoods, recurrent droughts, groundwater depletion, and excessive withdrawals have led to serious challenges. Mismanagement of water releases, inappropriate scheduling, and overuse by upstream farmers have restricted downstream access, increased costs, triggered social conflicts, and discouraged agricultural activity. As a result, strategic crop yields have declined, out-migration has accelerated, and unemployment and economic stagnation have spread in peri-urban areas. Addressing these challenges requires the identification and implementation of effective, locally grounded water management policies. Methodology This study adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. It is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Data collection involved both library research and fieldwork. The study area covers peri-urban settlements of Chaharborj County. In the qualitative phase, 24 semi-structured interviews were conducted with local officials, water and agricultural experts, village heads, council members, and traditional water managers (mirabs) to identify key water management policies and their impacts. In the quantitative phase, 172 active farmers were randomly selected using Cochran’s formula to analyze household-level economic crises. Data were examined through grounded theory, one-sample t-test, and the SAW technique. Results and discussion In Chaharborj County, qualitative analysis using grounded theory revealed that consecutive droughts, water scarcity, declining precipitation, and deterioration of traditional water transfer networks—particularly ditches and canals—exacerbate economic crises in peri-urban areas. Twelve key and actionable agricultural water management policies were identified: integrating traditional and smart irrigation methods, implementing a water pipeline project from the Zarrineh River, completing concrete canals, farmer training, adjusting cropping patterns toward resilient crops, strengthening the role of mirabs and local managers, enhancing the participation of councils and village leaders, periodic dredging of canals and ditches, allocating water based on land size and traditional rights, installing smart irrigation systems, replacing diesel pumps with electric ones, and providing governmental financial support. These policies target seven major economic crises and, if effectively implemented, are expected to reduce migration (mean = 4.25), increase household production and income (mean = 3.62), enhance employment and job security (mean = 3.21), alleviate household poverty (mean = 3.42), strengthen food security (mean = 3.35), and promote infrastructure investment (mean = 3.32). The village of Khazineh Anbar-e Ghadim recorded the highest overall impact score (0.212), indicating maximum benefit from policy implementation. These findings are consistent with prior research by Bolandi et al. (2024), Towlabinejad et al. (2022), Najaflou et al. (2019), Marques et al. (2022), Chen et al. (2025), Imani et al. (2025), Konstadinos et al. (2025), and others. Conclusion The findings indicate that economic crises in the peri-urban areas of Chaharborj County stem from the interplay of multiple causal and contextual factors, including recurrent droughts, water scarcity, depletion of surface and groundwater resources—such as the drying of Lake Urmia and local rivers—deterioration of water transfer infrastructure, reliance on traditional canals, and weak local governance. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses identified twelve key water management policies: integrating traditional and modern irrigation methods, completing concrete canal projects, implementing the agricultural water pipeline project (highlighted as the most critical policy), adjusting cropping patterns toward salinity- and drought-resistant varieties, strengthening the role of local institutions including councils, village managers, and mirabs, and providing government financial support through subsidies and loans. Effective implementation of these policies is expected to improve resource efficiency, reduce rural-to-urban migration, increase household income and food security, alleviate poverty, and enhance the socio-economic resilience of peri-urban communities. Notably, the villages of Khazineh Anbar Ghadim and Qepchaq were identified as benefiting most from these water management policies in mitigating economic crises. Funding According to the responsible author, this article has no financial support. Authors’ Contribution The article contains the author's field and library research in the study area, and all concepts used are confirmed. Conflict of Interest The author has declared no conflicts of interest. Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the respected officials of the Urban Peripheral Development Journal and all the officials, villagers, and farmers who helped us in conducting this research. سیاست‌های مدیریت آب نقش اساسی در کاهش بحران‌های اقتصادی ایفا می‌کنند، زیرا با بهینه‌سازی و بهره‌برداری از منابع محدود آب، امکان افزایش تولید، بهبود معیشت و ثبات اقتصادی جوامع روستایی فراهم می‌شود. لذا، این تحقیق باهدف ارزیابی اثرات سیاست‌های مدیریت آب کشاورزی بر کاهش بحران‌های اقتصادی در سکونتگاه‌های پیراشهری تدوین گردید. روش تحقیق حاضر بر روش آمیخته استوار و از نظر هدف کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی استفاده شد. قلمرو مکانی، سکونتگاه‌های پیراشهری شهرستان چهاربرج است. در بخش کیفی، با انجام ۲۴ مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با مسئولان شهرستانی، کارشناسان منابع آب و کشاورزی، دهیاران، اعضای شورای اسلامی و میراب‌ها، سیاست‌های مدیریت آب کشاورزی و پیامدهای آن شناسایی و تحلیل شد. در بخش کمی نیز برای تحلیل بحرانهای اقتصادی، ۱۷۲ کشاورز فعال به‌عنوان نمونه آماری با فرمول کوکران و روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب و برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل دادهها و اطلاعات از نظریه زمینه‌ای، آزمون تی تک نمونهای و تکنیک SAW استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد، بحران‌های اقتصادی ناشی از تعامل عوامل علّی و زمینه‌ای همچون خشکسالی‌های مکرر، کاهش منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی، فرسودگی زیرساخت‌های انتقال آب و ضعف حکمرانی محلی است. تحلیل‌های ترکیبی، ۱۲ سیاست کلیدی شامل؛ ترکیب شیوه‌های سنتی و نوین آبیاری، تکمیل کانال‌ها، اجرای طرح لوله‌گذاری، اصلاح الگوی کشت، تقویت نقش نهادهای محلی و حمایت مالی دولت را شناسایی کرد. اجرای مؤثر این سیاست‌ها موجب افزایش بهره‌وری منابع، کاهش مهاجرت، ارتقای درآمد و امنیت غذایی، کاهش فقر و تقویت تاب‌آوری سکونتگاه‌ها می‌شود. ضمناً، روستاهای خزینه قدیم و قپچاق نیز در رتبههای اول و دوم از نظر تأثیرگذاری سیاستها مدیریت آب در کاهش بحرانهای اقتصادی قرار دارند.

https://www.jpusd.ir/article_233575_ed20141d191fbe8531b061530d535eee.pdf