Analysis of social factors affecting the sustainable viability of peri-urban settlements around Jiroft city

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Human Geography Department, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Master's student in the Department of Human Geography and Science, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction
Nowadays, it is widely acknowledged that the sustainability of rural settlements, particularly in peri-urban villages, is crucial. However, there are many challenges that rural settlements face in terms of sustainability. One of the main challenges is the lack of consideration given to social factors among the villagers from various subcultures across the country's geographic area. By recognizing and addressing these social factors, the planning process can be smoother and more effective in achieving rural sustainability. Community participation is crucial for developing any society, particularly in rural and urban areas. This involves comprehensive development, building relationships, expanding social cohesion, promoting social participation, and fostering mutual trust between individuals, communities, and government. Improving social factors and indicators is vital to enhance the sustainable livelihood of rural-urban settlements. By increasing the trust and participation of villagers in various activities and programs, they will be able to cooperate and share their knowledge on accessing both tangible and intangible resources. This will also result in sharing of individual skills, leading to a better understanding of the conditions required for their participation in sustainable rural living. It can be concluded that social factors have a significant impact on promoting sustainable livelihoods in both rural and urban areas, which is the ultimate objective of planning. The primary goal of planners is to establish a harmonious balance for the population of a region and to develop economic and social programs that create a livable environment. As a result, social factors are the essential foundation for enhancing sustainable rural living standards as they, directly and indirectly influence the overall quality of life in rural areas.
 
Methodology
This research is quantitative and aims to collect data through surveys. The study focuses on 178 villages in the central area of Jiroft city, which includes 3601 households. In order to conduct the study, a sample size was needed, so 30 villages were chosen at random, and households were selected within those villages based on proportional probability to size. The sample size was calculated using the "Cochran" formula with a 95% confidence level and an estimated variance of 0.25. The target was to obtain a possible optimal accuracy of 5%, which resulted in a sample size of 352 households. However, due to a lack of participants in some villages, the sample size was increased to 400 households. Emos graphic software was used to analyze the data collected through the questionnaire, including demographic characteristics and aggregate questions. The questionnaire included Likert spectral ranking options ranging from 1 to 5. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire data, the study conducted a Cronbach's alpha test. The results showed high reliability with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.829.
 
Results and discussion
The research indicates that factors contributing to rural-urban settlements' overall livability and effectiveness had only a moderate to low impact. Social relations received the lowest average score of 2.67, whereas social organization received the highest score of 3.40, indicating a better situation than other factors. In terms of sustainability indices, the health services index received the lowest average score of 2.75, while the participation index had the highest average score of 3.21 in rural settlements.
 
Conclusion
In rural settlements, social factors and their scarcity significantly impact the quality of life and sustainable livelihood. These factors are vital in facilitating and coordinating actions and building capacity among rural groups to achieve rural development and livability. No development can occur without awareness, participation, satisfaction, and mutual social trust. Focusing on social factors such as education, awareness, trust, cohesion, organization, social relations, and participation can help eliminate social inequalities and reduce migration, thereby improving the living conditions of rural settlements.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Preipheral Urban Spaces Development
Volume 4, Issue 2 - Serial Number 8
Autumn and Winter
November 2022
Pages 205-222

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