Urban sprawl and changes in the Rizvanshahr suburbs

Introduction
The villages around Rizvanshahr city in Gilan province are among the peripheral areas that in recent years, under the influence of the special location of communication and proximity to Rizvanshahr, rapid and deep changes in various fields such as housing pattern and rural-urban context, It has experienced land use, demographic characteristics, economic status and employment. The transfer of capital from the city and the creation of urban industries, workshops and factories have resulted in the influx of labor to these villages. Also, the phenomenon of second houses is expanding in the surrounding villages of this city, and city residents have invested a lot of capital to buy rural lands and build villas in these villages. Therefore, the physical development of Rezvanshahr towards the villages has positive and negative consequences, which are very efficient to be aware of in rural development programs. In order to identify such consequences, it is necessary to first examine the effects of the physical development of cities on the studied villages, and since such consequences and effects are different in different areas, the present research aims to analyze the physical development of the city on the surrounding villages, to investigate this in the villages around the city of Razvanshahr. has done During the research, the researcher seeks to show the relationship between the physical development of the city and environmental-ecological, socio-cultural, economic and physical components and tries to answer the basic question that the urban physical development of Razvanshahr depends on which of the components ( economic, social, physical, environmental) has had the greatest impact? And is this effect different among suburban settlements?

Methodology
The current research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in purpose. The required information has been collected with the help of documentary and field information, which has been used to collect documentary information from the survey tool and field information of the questionnaire. In the descriptive statistics section, the information obtained from rural questionnaires has been summarized, and in the analytical statistics section, linear regression and Kupras techniques have been used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the help of experts and professors of rural affairs, and to confirm its reliability, a number of questionnaires were completed in the sample community and confirmed with the help of Cronbach's alpha (0.995). The statistical population of the research is 8 rural villages around the city of Razvanshahr, which has a connection with it. The sample size according to the total number of households in the studied villages (2333 households) is 330 samples.

Results and discussion
The results of the research showed that the physical development of the studied villages in the environmental and ecological dimension has the greatest impact on the landscape of the village and the least impact on the preservation of natural resources, in the socio-cultural dimension the greatest impact on household welfare and the least impact on the company. In religious ceremonies and activities, in the economic dimension, it has the greatest impact on the price of housing and the least impact on the amount of industrial-handicrafts production. Looking at all the dimensions, it can be concluded that the physical development of the city has the greatest impact on the increase in the price of residential land with an average of 6.73, infrastructure services - roads with an average of 6.51, and land use change with an average of 6.48, and the least impact on the preservation of natural resources with an average of 3.24. In religious ceremonies and activities with an average of 3.54 and ethnic differences with an average of 3.89. Then, with the help of linear regression analysis, the relationship between the physical development of Rezvanshahr city and each of the investigated components was confirmed and it was determined that the physical development of Rezvanshahr city has an effect on economic changes, environmental and ecological changes, socio-cultural changes and physical changes of the villages around the city, respectively. Further, the results showed that the physical development of the city has had the greatest impact on Punel, Ardjan, Mianroud, Allah Bakhsh Mahaleh, Taramsera, Sasansera, Laktasera, Roshandeh villages respectively, which of course, this rating is in accordance with the reality observed in the field surveys. Also, the research results are consistent with studies (Ahmadi et al., 2018; Jozak et al., 2014; Tian et al., 2017).

Conclusion
In the spatial interactions between the surrounding settlements and the city of Razvanshahr and the physical development of this city, although affected by sometimes two-way flows, it has provided positive developments, but some of them have created unfavorable conditions, including environmental destruction, etc. for the villages has followed.