Identifying the most important factors affecting on Population Attraction in peri-urban spaces in Sanandaj city (Case study: Naysar)

Introduction

Along with the normal process of population growth in peri-urban areas, migration to these spaces is one of the main causes of the transformation of their physical-physical, social and economic structure and has made these residential spaces face many challenges.

According to the documents of the Statistics Center of Iran, Kurdistan province, along with provinces like Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari and Zanjan, due to the deprivation of rural settlements in terms of environmental, social and economic indicators, there is a traditional process of migration (migration from the village to the city) and it is predicted that This process will continue in the future. Among the cities of Kurdistan province, the peri-urban areas located in the vicinity of Sanandaj city, especially the peri-urban area of Naysar, is one of the most important destinations for rural migrants, as this peri-urban area has experienced rapid population growth in recent years. The increase in the population of this peri-urban area from 938 people to about 85,000 thousand people in 2019 is a seal of approval for the rapid population growth of this peri-urban area. Meanwhile, the undeniable fact is that Naysar is one of the most populous suburban areas of Kurdistan province. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the most important causes of this population growth and related topics. According to the mentioned materials, the questions that can be raised in this regard are: What is the level of satisfaction of rural migrants from living in Naysar? What are the most important factors of population growth in Naysar from the point of view of the rural community living there? How is the tendency to return to the village among the rural community living in Naysar? And what are the most important strategies for the return to the village from the point of view of the heads of rural households living in the peri-urban area of Naysar?



Methodology

The type of research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the method. The statistical population includes all heads of rural households living in Naysar who have migrated to this peri-urban area in the last two decades. Among them, 150 people were considered as a statistical sample. The main tool for data collection is a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. A combination of quantitative (frequency distribution table, average comparison test and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software) and qualitative (content analysis) methods have been used to analyze the collected data.



Results and discussion

The results showed that the level of satisfaction with living in Naysar, with an average of 2.271, is at a lower than average level and The five key factors of rapid population growth in Naysar, which explained 62.627 percent of its variance, in order of importance are: low cost of accommodation and economic activities (17.846 percent), laxity in rules and regulations of peri-urban spaces (360 12.0 percent), access to infrastructure (12.340 percent), benefit from opportunities (11.617 percent) and false attractions of urbanization (8.463 percent). Also, the results showed that the average calculated for returning to the village with an average of 2.962 is at the average level and Sustainable job creation in the villages, allocation of government loans and credits according to the conditions of the villagers and strict implementation of construction laws and regulations in Naysar are the most important solutions for the return of the villagers to their original village.



Conclusion

Despite Naysar many challenges in different aspects of development, the surveys showed that the tendency of the studied community to return to the villages is at an average level. This situation indicates that the migrant rural community settled in Naysar have faced many challenges in their original village, despite the relatively weak level of satisfaction with their place of residence, they do not have much tendency to return to their original village. Therefore, the main link of Naysar peri-urban population can be found in the weak development and deprivation of the villages of Kurdistan province. The unaffordability of economic activity, especially in the livestock, horticulture, agriculture, etc., weak educational and health infrastructures, lack of job opportunities, unemployment, successive droughts, etc., are linked in a chain. It has provided the basis for the migration of villagers to the peri-urban space of Naysar. The process that has faced the space of origin and destination of migration with many challenges.

In the meantime, attention to the opinions and solutions proposed by the heads of rural households, who have an average of 12 years of experience of migrating from the village and settling in the peri-urban area, is interesting in its own way. Carefulness in the nature of the proposed solutions shows that most of the solutions have a management aspect, however, attention should be paid to strengthening the economic base of rural households through sustainable job creation in the villages (location-based jobs), allocation of government loans and credits according to the conditions of the villagers, industrialization of the villages (construction Transformational and complementary industries of agriculture and horticulture and livestock products processing industries), guaranteed purchase of villagers' products and products in accordance with market conditions and establishment/activation of multi-purpose rural cooperatives have been the focus of the studied community. Another important aspect of the proposed solutions is the attention of the rural community to strict implementation of construction laws and regulations in Naysar. According to them, by implementing this solution, villagers will be less encouraged to migrate to this peri-urban space. Also, the results showed that the strengthening and development of essential service and welfare infrastructures in villages (educational, health, transportation, recreational, etc.) rural to urban spaces, to provide the necessary background and platform to return to the villages.