Strategic analysis of Peripheral resilience against environmental hazards (Case study: Peripheral areas of Sanandaj)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Ph.D. Researcher, Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Iran

2 MA in Geography and Urban Planning, Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Science and Earth, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran

3 Master's Degree in Geography and Urban Planning, Payam Noor University, Isfahan Branch

Abstract

One of the most important issues and problems that most countries in the world are facing is natural hazards that always threaten human settlements and can cause extensive damage and casualties in a short period of time. According to the international strategic plan of the United Nations, all risks have two main sources: Natural hazards and hazards caused by human activity. Natural hazards can occur due to geological, biological, meteorological causes or processes of this kind in human life environment. One of the most important challenges today is how to deal with natural and limited events and compensate for the consequences and damages caused by them. One of the new approaches in the field of strategic management of natural hazards is to improve the resilience of societies against natural hazards. In fact, resilience is a new concept that has received attention in the last few years in the countries of the world and has been proposed as a policy in urban planning, spatial planning and geography. Looking at the category of resilience and how to analyze it, on the one hand, plays a key role in how to understand the resilience of the current situation and its causes, and on the other hand, it has a fundamental impact on policies and measures to reduce risk and how to deal with it. Based on this, the link between community development, management and disaster management is necessary to create community resilience against risks, and resilience should be the central concept of all disaster management and development programs in society. Resilience has the capacity to enter into the natural disaster management cycle before, during and after the disaster. Considering that the management of natural disasters after the accident in Iran is not in a favorable condition and after the occurrence of such incidents, people will suffer a lot of damage, it is important to pay attention to this matter.

Sanandaj district in Kurdistan province is located on a very dangerous area. The area studied in this research is the city of Sanandaj. In the process of physical growth and development, the city of Sasandaj has integrated 16 Peripheral villages since 1961, And now, these villages that have experienced countless structural-functional transformations and continue to live in the form of separate and connected urban areas. Considering the growing trend of Sanandaj city due to rural-urban migrations, the villages that are around Sanandaj city are affected more than other villages in the process of uneven and unbalanced growth of Sanandaj city, Therefore, in this study, due to the spatial-location continuity of these villages with Sanandaj city, the area of study of this research will be Peripheral villages. Most of these villages, like Sanandaj city, are located on flood-prone areas and sometimes on faults, and some of them are located in landslide-prone areas, which often have low social, economic, and physical resilience. Therefore, it is necessary to study and examine the situation of strategic management of natural hazards in the Peripheral areas of Sanandaj with a resilience approach.

This research is cognitive in terms of purpose, cross-sectional in terms of time, and quantitative in terms of method. To collect data and information for this research, library-documentary studies (library, documentary and virtual resources) have been used. The statistical population of this research includes experts and residents located in the dangerous areas of Sanandaj city and peri-urban villages of Sanandaj. The investigated samples were selected based on the Cochran method and in a stratified random method with a proportional allocation technique, from the villages of Peripheral and the city of Sanandaj. The method of collecting information is based on survey-exploratory technique and using quantitative and qualitative methods. In this regard, in the qualitative part, by conducting semi-structured interviews, strategic issues (problems, challenges and potentials) were identified from the experts' point of view. In the next step and in the quantitative part, weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats to the resilience of Sanandaj region were compiled and distributed based on field observation and survey. In this regard, the TOPSIS fuzzy model was used to rank the human settlements located in the Sanandaj suburbs in terms of resilience. Also, in order to identify and evaluate the most important weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats to the resilience of Sanandaj city and Peripheral villages, the SWOT analysis method was used.

The results of the research show that among the dimensions of resilience in the Peripheral areas of Sanandaj city, it indicates weakness in the institutional, economic, social and environmental-physical dimensions, respectively. Also, based on the ideal answer of the TOPSIS fuzzy, respectively, Seranjiane Alia village (0.10), Arendan village (0.13), Grizeh village (0.14), Khoshkeh Dol village (0.16) And the village of Sarab Qamish (0.17) has the closest distance with the positive ideal answer and the farthest distance with the negative ideal answer. Also, Naysar urban separate area (0.31), Qalyan village (0.31), Asaule village (0.30), Babariz (0.30) and Nanleh urban separate area (0.29) have the farthest the distance to the ideal answer is positive and the closest answer to the ideal option is negative. In other words, the villages of Saranjianeh Alia, Arendan, Grizeh, Khoshkeh Dol and Sarab Qamish have the highest level of resilience in Sanandaj suburbs. The separated urban area of Naysar, the villages of Qalyan, Asaule and Babariz, and the separated urban area of Nanleh have the lowest level of resilience in the Peripheral area of Sanandaj. According to the amount of similarity index, the villages and urban areas of Peripheral district of Sanandaj were ranked. According to the similarity index, Saranjiane Alia village (0.73), Arndan village (0.66), Grizeh village (0.63), Khoshkeh Dol village (0.58) and Sarab Qamish village (0.56) are ranked first to fifth. In other words, the villages of Saranjianeh Alia, Arendan, Grizeh, Khoshkeh Dol and Sarab Qamish have the highest level of resilience in Sanandaj suburbs. Also, Nayser (0.19), Qalyan (0.20), Asaule (0.22), Babariz (0.23) and Nanleh (0.24) separate urban districts are ranked low, And they have the least resilience in the suburbs of Sanandaj.

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References

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Preipheral Urban Spaces Development
Volume 5, Issue 2 - Serial Number 10
Autumn and Winter
July 2023
Pages 181-202

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