Analysis of the effective factors of redefining sustainable income in the peri-urban spaces of Tehran metropolis

Introduction

Tehran metropolis is not an exception to this rule and like many municipalities in the country in the past years and today, it is dependent on unstable incomes, and due to the ever-increasing development and expansion of Tehran metropolis, the duties of the mayors are increasing and they need to earn more income. But the lack of a comprehensive approach to the revenue sources of the municipalities in the form of the macroeconomic system of the country, case changes and interventions, the implementation of the self-reliance and self-sufficiency policy of the municipalities, has put the revenue department of Tehran municipality in an unstable situation, the limitation of the legal and reasonable areas of earning the municipality's income has led to The revenue sector of the municipality is heavily dependent on urban constructions and the sale of excess density. In such a way that the continuation of this situation will have adverse effects and consequences and social, cultural and infrastructure costs for the city of Tehran and urban management.

Research Methods

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of method. According to the available data in this research, the library method and reliable reference sources were used. The data collection tool is a questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale. In this research, the dimensions and number of indicators have been used to analyze the findings (Table 1). The statistical population in this research is 384 specialists and experts in the municipalities of Tehran metropolis, using a simple random sampling method. In this regard, structural equations and multi-criteria decision making (cocoso) were used to analyze the findings. Discussion and research findings In this regard, according to the multiplicity of independent variables, which include five independent variables of economic policy, social investment, information and communication technology, physical-environmental, managerial-institutional and the dependent variable of sustainable urban income. The estimation of the coefficients of the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable has been measured and evaluated. In this regard, in order to confirm and reject the hypotheses of the research, the estimation of the path between the variables has been stated and the coefficients of the relationships between the variables have been used in the Regression Weights output table. Data analysis shows the fact that if the critical coefficient is greater than 1.96, the relationship between two variables is significant with 95% confidence. Also, p-value can be used instead of the critical coefficient to determine the significance of the relationship if the p-value of the test is smaller than 0.05. The relationship between the two variables is significant, according to these cases, all hypotheses have been confirmed. Conclusion and suggestions One of the important issues for municipalities is to earn stable income to cover the cost of urban services. Currently, the excessive reliance of many municipalities on unstable incomes has made them face financial problems. Paying attention to sustainable income can be suitable in various economic, social, physical, environmental, etc. dimensions in metropolitan cities to achieve optimal and sustainable development. Stable income should be sustainable in such a way that it does not reduce urban services in cities and does not reduce their quality of life. The purpose of this research is to analyze and explain the redefinition of sustainable income in the municipalities of Tehran metropolis. Structural equations and multi-criteria decision-making have been used to examine the findings. The research results based on structural equations show that sustainable urban income is caused by a set of factors such as physical-environmental, information and communication technology, managerial-institutional, social investment, economic policy; Next is the economic policy, each of these factors has a favorable effect in redefining sustainable urban income. Among the mentioned factors, economic policy has taken a more prominent role in redefining urban income. In addition, the measurement and evaluation of absolute and comparative fit indicators such as; Chi-square, CMIN, SRMR, CFI, IFI, NFI in the research model show that the model has a good fit. On the other hand, the results of multi-criteria decision makers show that indicators such as revision of municipal laws are in the first place with a score of 1.942, which shows its importance compared to other indicators. Therefore, with the limitation of the legal fields, the increase in the dependence of the municipalities' income on urban constructions and sales has increased, and the resulting consequences will increase the social, cultural, physical, etc. costs for the Tehran Metropolitan Municipality and its urban managers. The second index is the smartening of urban infrastructures (implementation of smart urban growth policies), which according to the cocoso method has a score of 1.85 and is in the second place. If this index is ignored, it will multiply the costs of the Tehran metropolis municipality. Finally, the third important indicator in the field of redefining sustainable income is the proper use of public revenue tools (such as sales tax and income tax share, real estate tax, etc.) have