evaluating intermediate development in urban areas (case study: Rasht city)

Introduction

Although the city and urbanization are not a new phenomenon in human history, the "urbanization of societies" (in the sense of the majority of the population living in cities) is a new trend and a product of the widespread redistribution of the population in favor of urban settlements after the industrial revolution. (Azeimi, 2013: 22). Therefore, physical expansion and increase in density and accumulation within cities will be inevitable (Ziari et al., 2013: 256). This expansion, due to the increase in population, out- and intra-urban migrations, has often occurred in the lands around the cities, which has caused the destruction of agricultural lands, environmental damage, and the uneven and scattered growth of cities (Mohammadi et al., 2012: 176). One of the main axes of urban planning is land use planning. In other words, due to the increase in population, the establishment of municipal services, and the attraction of the population of the cities and villages of the province, Rasht city has undergone extensive physical-spatial transformations in the past decades, which has caused the uneven expansion of the city and the emergence of the phenomenon of dispersion in the city. This shows the necessity of using all the existing powers and capacities of the city. For this purpose, it is necessary to achieve the sustainable growth and development of the city instead of the excessive development and growth of the city horizontally in the surrounding spaces, by filling the existing tissues of the city, increasing the balanced density and changing the use of the old and polluting buildings. In order to implement this development, it is very important to choose suitable and desirable points for development, and identifying these points requires a correct understanding of the factors and components that are relevant and effective in the development of intermediate-level development (Khalili, 2016: 3). Therefore, the most important mission of the present research is to investigate and evaluate the inter-development in the lands of Rasht city, in order to improve the physical, social and economic identity and the fabric of the cities, to bring life back to these urban fabrics, social justice, social security, vitality and follow the people's satisfaction, etc., in order to prevent the excessive expansion of the city and remove the obstacles to sustainable development. In general, the current research was compiled in order to answer the following question: Which of the parts of Rasht city is more suitable for intermediate development?

Methodology

The current research is classified as a descriptive-analytical research in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of its nature. In this regard, after documentary and library studies, theoretical foundations were compiled, then the census statistics of 1390 and 1395 were used to identify intermediate development indicators. From among the total indicators effective in the development of the intermediate, 3 important and basic indicators (materials used, building quality and population distribution) that have the most impact on the development of the intermediate were selected. In order to show the distribution of data, GIS layers have been used at the level of the regions of Rasht according to the administrative-political divisions of the Ministry of Interior. In such a way that after recognizing the intermediate development indicators, information layers related to them have been produced using digital information and GIS database. In the continuation of the analysis process and in order to prioritize the 5 regions of Rasht city based on the Cooperas model in terms of intermediate development, the opinions of 15 experts and specialists in the urban planning profession were used for the initial evaluation of the studied indicators. It should be noted that the Shannon entropy model was used to weight the indicators.

Results and discussion

The assessment of the urban land of Rasht shows that this city is due to the inappropriate and unbalanced distribution of urban land to different uses, with the deterioration of the fabric, lack of improvement and renovation of the fabric, the creation of empty and dilapidated spaces inside the fabric, lack of exploitation. Suitable and improvement of networks, scattered expansion of the city, inconsistency between neighboring uses, etc. have been faced. Therefore, with the studies carried out in the present research on the development of intermediate development in urban lands in different areas of Rasht city, it appears that region 3 has more favorable conditions for the development of intermediate development than other regions, and the major part of region 3 has a worn texture. More than 50% of it has vacant lands, which means that the vacant lands of this area can be reused by filling vacant or inefficient urban lands. Based on this, only identifying empty, barren lands or reusing lands with disproportionate use and filling the existing structure is not enough to face the problem of population overflow and respond to the demand for housing and services of this population, but it is necessary in addition to the capacities of Previously, he also acted in order to identify and implement other intermediate development capacities, such as the capacities that result from converting the upper spaces of shops into apartments, separating residential buildings, and redeveloping existing residential areas.

Conclusion

The city of Rasht is one of the important and developing cities of the country, in the past decades, with the increasing tendency to horizontal growth and challenging the ecology, sustainable urban and regional development has faced many problems. Directing urban development towards the periphery and destroying environmental resources - agriculture, problems such as disturbing the ecological balance, increasing service costs, not paying attention to the existing structures for improvement and renovation - which has disturbed the urban form and the proper functioning of the city in that area. - The increase of informal settlements - the attitude towards increasing the urban area by the city management, which results in an increase in the short-term income of the city management, will have side problems such as the lack of monitoring the growth and development of informal settlements,