Evaluation of tourism development services in Urban Peripheral villages through the Vikor model and spatial statistics algorithms in GIS(case study of Izeh county)

Introduction

The geographic information system, by combining decision-making models, can be effective in various areas of spatial development, including tourism capacities. Due to their characteristics and spatial differences, peri-urban tourism villages operate differently from other rural areas in the service sector. Due to these conditions, the required tourism services of these villages are also different. Izeh city has various suburban villages, some of which have tourist attractions. Due to these capacities and the geographical location of the villages in relation to the city of Izeh, these villages have become very important over time. As such, today we are witnessing the growth of the population, as well as the increase in the price of land and the change of land use in suburban villages. The touristic nature of some of these villages is another important factor that shows the importance of paying attention to the management, planning and development of services in them; Because the spatial distribution of services and the level of accessibility at the level of suburban villages should be done according to their capacities and geographical location, based on logical principles and criteria. The geographic information system and spatial decision-making models can be effective in this field and provide a prioritization of tourism services needed in peri-urban villages and determine the spatial distribution of services. Therefore, in this research, the aim is to evaluate the services needed for tourism development in peri-urban villages through the VIKOR model and analyzing their spatial distribution in the GIS environment.



Methodology

The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the applied goal. Two methods of library-document studies and survey studies are used to collect information. Field studies are based on common techniques, namely questionnaires. The number of 5 Pirasheri villages with tourism capabilities, including Kohbad, Kolfarah, Abrak, Noorabad, and Kell Infern, have been emphasized in this study. The statistical population of the research is made up of visitors who entered the villages. The sample size for each village was determined as 20 people and a total of 100 visitors were questioned. Further, after collecting the data, through the VIKOR model, villages were analyzed and prioritized, as well as the required services. Also, AHP method and algorithms available in GIS including central location, hot-cold spots and clustering of spatial statistics were used.



Results and discussion

The results showed that, in general, the most important needed and important services were accommodation services with an importance coefficient of 0.389. In addition, transportation services are known with an importance factor of 0.186. Two types of health services with a weight of 0.146 and catering services with a score of 0.099 are also recognized in the third and fourth ranks. The lowest weights of criteria in the field of services required for tourism development in Urban-Peripheral villages are related to two technology services with a weight of 0.052 and shopping services with a weight of 0.055. The rate of compatibility of values and pairwise comparison of data is also equal to 0.05, which is less than 0.1 and therefore acceptable.

Based on the results of Vikor model, Noorabad village has received the first rank in the field of required tourism services with a weight of 0.857. In fact, this village has more weaknesses in the field of tourism services compared to other villages, and it is necessary to create and expand various services, including accommodation and hospitality services in this village. After that, the village of Kolfarah with a value of 0.813 is recognized as the second most needed tourist service. Kohbad village is ranked third with a weight of 0.767 and this village also needs to plan and create various tourism services.

Based on the results of the central location algorithm in GIS and applying the calculated price weight, Kolfarah village is known as the central village in terms of services required by tourism; Because this village has had an acceptable weight in calculations, and secondly, compared to other villages, it needs more promotion and attention in terms of tourism resources and existing attractions.

Examining the spatial autocorrelation index shows that this index is equal to -0.367787. Since this value is close to negative (-1), it can be concluded that the data do not have spatial autocorrelation and are scattered. Also, by referring to the standard value of z, which is equal to -0.822, the hypothesis of autocorrelation in spatial distribution can be rejected, and as a result, the random pattern in the field of tourism services can be confirmed. In fact, Urban-Peripheral villages have had a random pattern in terms of tourism services. Therefore, the randomness of services and the existence of spatial differences between urban tourism villages are confirmed and based on this situation, planning and prioritization of services in villages should be done.



Conclusion

In general, according to the results, it can be concluded that the Urban-Peripheral villages are not at the same level in terms of tourism services. Another point is that despite the geographical location and proximity to cities, many weaknesses in terms of services can be seen in them. This is the context. In addition, the result of the research indicates the lack of concentration of services in a single village. In other words, the services are scattered in all the villages and this issue has made it difficult for tourists to access all kinds of services in the shortest time and at the lowest cost. The innovation of the research, firstly, in terms of methodology, is the integration of Vikor model and spatial algorithms in the GIS environment, and secondly, the use of spatial statistics algorithms in the survey of rural tourism services, which has received less attention.