Preipheral Urban Spaces Development

Preipheral Urban Spaces Development

Economic stability in suburban areas of Islamshahr

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Arman Moslemi 1
Jamileh Tavakolina 2
Zohreh Fanni 2
Mohamad tagei Razavian 3
1 PhD Student, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, metropolitan and urban areas of Iran have experienced incomplete urbanization that has been the result of oil capitalism. The level and scope of urban sprawl has raised concerns among managers and citizens. It is obvious that the uncontrolled growth of cities has not only changed the landscape of cities but also has caused fundamental changes in the economic pattern of the city and surrounding villages. This issue has also had an increasing impact on the functional developments and the economy of these areas. This resulted in consequences such as poverty and abnormality, unemployment, wide gap in living standards, inequality in areas, etc.
Meanwhile, the city of Tehran is experiencing the suburban phenomenon and the negative effects of urbanization such as rapid environmental decline, unplanned land-use changes, severe service shortages, migration, class gap, unemployment, working children, etc., are elevated.  The amount of migration to the metropolis of Tehran made surrounding areas absorb the overflow of development from Tehran, so they have quickly become cities by attracting migrated population. Islamshahr city, unlike other old cities, has not been created due to its natural and environmental capabilities, but the emergence of this city due to its location in proximity of Tehran, where became a residential destination for thousands of migrated people who have entered this area due to repulsive factors in Tehran such as land and housing. In this research, the economic indicators of the suburbs of Islamshahr have been assessed using factor analysis and TOPSIS.
 
Research Methods
This research is an applied and developmental study and in terms of method is descriptive-analytical. The study area is the inhabitants of cities and villages in the suburbs of Islamshahr. The information required for this research has been obtained from library sources, the results of general censuses, referring to various departments and organizations, and the census of residents of the study area. 25 indicators have been extracted which have been transformed into 3 factors using factor analysis model. Instead of using the conventional method of principal component analysis in factor analysis, the standard method has been used to obtain factor scores,In the next part of the model, similarity to the fuzzy ideal option (FTOPSIS) is used.
The statistical population in this study is the residents of cities and villages in the suburbs of Islamshahr, which have a population of 492,145 people, which according to the Cochran's formula, the sample size has been determined as 384 people.
 
Results and discussion
The eigenvalue of the first factor is 11.524, which calculates and explains 52.848% of the variance. In this factor, 17 indicators have been loaded and considering that some indicators are among the welfare indicators and others are among the trade indicators, this factor has been named as trade and welfare factors.
The eigenvalue of the second factor is 7.321, which calculates and interprets 29.645% of the variance. This factor has five loaded indicators, all of which are demographic indicators that can be called the population factor.
The eigenvalue of the third factor is 3.846, which calculates and interprets 13.141% of the variance. In this factor, three indicators are loaded, all of which are industrial indicators. Therefore, this factor can be called an industrial factor.
The results of fuzzy TOPSIS calculations and the similarity index (CI *) confirms the high rate of gap in the process of economic sustainability. Among these, the best similarity index (0.79) is related to the city of Islamshahr, which has made this region higher than other regions. Also, the lowest similarity index is related to the ratio of active to inactive population (0.460), which is in the most deprived metropolitan area of ​​Islamshahr in terms of indicators of economic stability. In general, the amount of economic stability according to this analysis is equal to 0.45, which is lower than the average (0.5). This shows that the area of ​​Islamshahr is not in a good position in terms of economic stability.
 
Conclusion
Based on the results obtained from multivariate regression, respectively: 1- commercial welfare factor, 2- demographic factor, 3- industrial factor. They have the largest share in predicting the degree of enjoyment of the suburbs of Islamshahr. Therefore, commercial, demographic and industrial welfare factors are suggested as a priority for the development of this region.
According to the results of the research and the issue of justice, as well as citizens' access to facilities and services, the following suggestions are presented:
1- Using the reverse justice in a way that has the priority of economic development of low-income areas.
2- Economic policies should be in line with the spatial planning of Tehran and Islamshahr.
3- Recognizing the potentials and capabilities of each region and planning and investing in them and of course the appropriate productivity of each region.
4- Planning to reduce the unemployment rate in the regions and increase the employment rate.
Keywords
Development
Economic Sustainability
suburban areas
Islamshahr

Subjects

افراخته، حسن، حجی پور، محمد. 1396. اقتصاد زباله‌ای در روستاهای پیراشهر تهران. فصلنامه اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی. شماره 22. دوره 4. صص 47-72.
 بابامیری، چیا صالحی، مولایی هشجین، نصرالله، معتمدی مهر،  اکبر،  تیمور ، آمار(1395) تحلیل روند تحوّلات ساختار اجتماعی- فرهنگی روستاهای پیراشهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر سقز- استان کردستان)، پژوهش و برنامه ریزی روستایی سال پنجم زمستان 1395 شماره16 ، صص176-61.
بابایی، محبوب؛ بصیری، مرتضی و بدراق‌نژاد، ایوب (1398) تحلیل جمعیت‌پذیری و روند تحولات اقتصادی-اجتماعی روستاهای پیراشهری ارومیه، مجله توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری، شال اول، شمار، اول، صص 150-139.
پوراحمد، احمد، سیف‌الدینی، فرانک، پرنون، زیبا (1390) مهاجرت و تغییر کاربری اراضی در شهر اسلامشهر، مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک، سال دوم، شماره،5، صص 152-131.
حبیبی، محسن (1381) نقش و جایگاه مجموعه‌های زیستی پیرامون شهرهای بزرگ در نظام اسکان کشور (نمونه مطالعاتی اسلامشهر)؛ فصلنامه هفت شهر؛ سال 8، شماره،25، صص 35-25.
خواجه شاهکوهی، علیرضا؛ خراسانی، محمدامین و طورانی، علی. (1392) واکاوی پویایی فضایی جمعیت در نواحی پیراشهری: یک بررسی ادراکی. برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، شماره 3، دوره 3، صص 238-219.
دانشپور، زهره. 1395. تحلیل نابرابری فضایی در محیط‌های پیراشهری؛ کوششی در استفاده از رهیافت برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت راهبردی درتهران. نشریه هنرهای زیبا. شماره 28. دوره 4. صص 5-14.
رفیعی، مهران، خطیبی، سید محمدرضا، داود پور، زهره (1399). تبیین مفهوم پیراشهری و عوامل مؤثر د‌ر ایجاد‌ و توسعۀ آن. نشریه علمی باغ نظر، 17(92).
فاضل‌نیا، غریب، نسیمی، حمیدرضا (1400). ارزیابی وضعیت شهر گرایی در روستاهای پیراشهری (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای پیرامون شهر داراب). دو فصلنامه جغرافیای شهری، 8(1).173-192.
قادرمرزی، حامد و احمدی، عاطفه. 1396. تحلیل سطوح توسعه اقتصاد فضا و اثرات فضایی آن در سطح ناحیه پیراشهری سنندج. نشریه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی شهری. شماره 31. دوره 2. صص 105-122.
کیایی، مریم و درویشی، یوسف. 1398. تحلیل پایداری اقتصادی – اجتماعی نواحی روستایی پیراشهری مورد شهرستان گمیشان. فصلنامه اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی. شماره 29. دوره 3. صص 227-250.
یگانه، افشین، طالبی فرد، رضا، ولایی، محمد. 1400. تحلیل زیست‌پذیری اقتصادی در روستاهای پیراشهر ملکان. مجله توسعه فضاهای پیراشهری. شماره 3. دوره 1. صص 79-96.
Adell G (1999). Theories and models of the peri-urban interface: A changing conceptual landscape. Development Planning Unit, University College London. 1-43.
Arai, T. 2012. Rebuilding Pakistan in the aftermath of the floods: disaster relief as conflictprevention. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 7 (1), 51–65.
Baldassarre, G,2019. The costs of living with floods in the Jamuna floodplain in Bangladesh. Water 11 (6), 1238.
Barman, S., & Deka, N. 2019. Effect of farm mechanization in human labour employment. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 4. No. 1. PP.16–22.
Bertrand, N. (2007). Introduction: ESDP ideals and the inheritance of rural planning failures. Europe’s city-regions competitiveness: growth regulation and peri-urban land management, 1-35.
Bhoi, B. K., & Dadhich, C. L. 2018. Agrarian Distress in India: Possible Solutions. IGIDR Working Paper 2019-2017. Mumbai: Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research. Vol. 17. No. 1. PP.160-178.
Briquel, V., & Collicard, J. J. (2005). Diversity in the rural hinterlands of European cities. The city’s hinterland-dynamism and divergence in Europe’s peri-urban territories, 19-40.
Bryant, C. R., Russwurm, L. J., & McLellan, A. G. (1982). The city's countryside. Land and its management in the rural-urban fringe. Longman.
Buxton, M., Alvarez, A., Butt, A., Farrell, S., & O'Neill, D. J. (2008). Planning sustainable futures for Melbourne's peri-urban region. RMIT University.
Call, M.A., Gray, C., Yunus, M., Emch, M., 2017. Disruption, not displacement: environmental variability and temporary migration in Bangladesh. Global Environmental Change Human and Policy Dimensions 46, 157–165.
Cardona, O. D., Van Aalst, M. K., Birkmann, J., Fordham, M., Mc Gregor, G., Rosa, P., ... & Thomalla, F. (2012). Determinants of risk: exposure and vulnerability. In Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (pp. 65-108). Cambridge University Press.
Carreras, M. 2019. What do we have to lose? Local economic decline, prospect theory, and support for Brexit. Electoral Studies. Vol. 62. No. 5. PP.105-116.
Caruso, G. (2015). Peri-Urbanisation: the situation in Europe. A bibliographical note and survey of studies in the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Italy and the Nordic countries. Retrived from https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/10153/1/ Caruso_PeriUrbanEuropeDATAR.pdf
CEMAT. (2007). Spatial development glossary. Retrived fom http://www.ectp-ceu.eu/images/stories/Glossary-CEMAT/ Glossary-English.pdf
Cowan, T. 2018. The urban village, agrarian transformation, and rentier capitalism in Gurgaon India. Antipode. Vol. 50. No. 5. PP. 1244–1267.
Davis, Benjamin, Reardon, Thomas, Stamoulis, Kostas, Winters, Paul, 2002. Promoting Farm/non-Farm Linkages for Rural Development: Case Studies from Africa and Latin America. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO(
Douglass, M., 1998. A regional network strategy for reciprocal rural-urban linkages: an agenda for policy research with reference to Indonesia. Third World Planning Review 20 (1), 1.
Ferdous, M.R., Wesselink, A., Brandimarte, L., Slager, K., Zwarteveen, M., Di Baldassarre, G., 2019. The costs of living with floods in the Jamuna floodplain in Bangladesh. Water11 (6), 1238
Ford, R., & Jennings, W. 2020. The changing cleavage politics of Western Europe. Annual Review of Political Science. Vol. 23. No. 1. PP. 295–314.
Gebre, T., & Gebremedhin, B. (2019). The mutual benefits of promoting rural-urban interdependence through linked ecosystem services. Global ecology and conservation, 20, e00707.
Hlavacek P, Miroslav K, Lucie .2019. Impact of Suburbanisation on Sustainable Development of Settlements in Suburban Spaces:Smart and New Solutions. journal Sustainable Vol. 11. No. 24. PP.2-18.
Jamshed, A., Birkmann, J., Feldmeyer, D., Rana, I.A., 2020. A conceptual framework to understand the dynamics of rural-urban linkages for rural flood vulnerability. Sustainability 12 (7), 2894
Jamshed, A., Birkmann, J., McMillan, J. M., Rana, I. A., Feldmeyer, D., & Sauter, H. (2021). How do rural-urban linkages change after an extreme flood event? Empirical evidence from rural communities in Pakistan. Science of the total environment, 750, 141462.
Khani, F., Salmani, M., Moshfeghnejadi, E. (2019). Evaluation and Analysis of Environmental Awareness in Rural Settle ments around Yasuj City, Human Geography Research, 51(3), 783-796.
Le De, L., Gaillard, J.C., Friesen, W., Smith, F.M., 2015. Remittances in the face of disasters: acase study of rural Samoa. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 17 (3), 653–672.
Lynch, K., 2005. Rural-Urban Interaction in the Developing World. Routledge, London.
Mayo, S.M., 2012. Determination of Urban Settlement Pattern for Optimal Regional Development in Punjab. Ph.D. Dissertation. Lahore
Mccrea, R. 2017. Urban Sustainability Spatial Pattern and Its Impact on Quality of Life, Australia. Journal of Jurnal Housing, Vol. 49. No. 7.PP.89-98.
McGregor, D. & Simon, D. & Thompson, D. (2006). The PeriUrban Interface: Approaches to Sustainable Natural and Human Resource Use. London: Earthscan.
Mecdugal, V. 2019. Political Economy in Rural and Urban Areas Case: West Africa and India. Economic & Political Weekly. Vol. 52. No. 38. PP. 13–17.
Newton, K. Stolle, D. & Zmerli, S. 2018. Social and political trust. In E. M. Uslaner (Ed.), he oxford Handbook of social and political trust (pp. 37–56). New York: Oxford University Press.
Pallavi T (2019). Dynamics of peri-urban areas of Indian cities. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research. 10(4):131-141.
Rakudi, K. J. 2016. The politics of resentment: Rural consciousness in Wisconsin and the rise of scott walker. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Ravetz, J., Fertner, C., & Nielsen, T. S. (2013). The dynamics of peri-urbanization. In Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe (pp. 13-44). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Short, J. R., Hanlon, B. & Vicino, T. J. (2007). The decline of inner suburbs: the new suburban gothic in the United States. Geography Compass, 1(3), 641-656.
Sieverts, T (2003). Cities without cities: an interpretation of the Zwischenstadt, Routledge.
Srivastava, N., Shaw, R., 2016. Enhancing city resilience through urban-rural linkages. In: Shaw, R., Rahman, A.-U., Surjan, A., Parvin, G. (Eds.), Urban Disasters and Resilience in Asia. Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam, pp. 113–122.
Tacoli, C., 1998. Rural-urban interactions: a guide to the literature. Environ. Urban. 10 (1),147–166.
Tacoli, C., 2003. The links between urban and rural development. Environ. Urban. 15 (1), 3–12.
Tacoli, C., 2009. Crisis or adaptation?: migration and climate change in a context of high mobility. Environ. Urban. 21 (2), 513–525.
UNHABITAT, 2017. Implementing the New Urban Agenda by Strengthening Urban Rural Linkages: Leave No One and No Space Behind. UNHABITAT, Nairobi (HS/035/17E).
World Bank, 2019. Urban Development: Understanding Poverty. Retrieved from. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/overview. on July 05, 2019.
Zhou, J ,Hou, Q .2019. Spatial Characteristics of Population Activities in Suburban Villages Based on Cellphone Signaling Analysis. journal Sustainable. Vol. 11. No. 7. PP.2-19.
Zyck, S.A., Mosel, I., Khan, H.D., Shabbir, S., 2015. Markets in Crises: The 2010 Floods in Sindh, Pakistan. Overseas Development Institute, London (Working Paper).
Preipheral Urban Spaces Development
Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
Spring and Summer
May 2022
Pages 87-106