Preipheral Urban Spaces Development

Preipheral Urban Spaces Development

Investigating and Presenting Environmental Quality Strategies in Informal Settlements with Participation approach(Case Study: Farahzad Neighborhood)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Seyed Komeyl Salehi Komamardakhi 1
Fardin Mozafari 2
Moin Safie haghshenas 3
Mehrnaz Soltanitehrani 4
1 PhD in Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.Sc. Department of Human Geography and Planning, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 M.Sc. Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Arts, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
4 M.Sc. Department of Urban Planning, South Tehran Branch, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction
Farahzad neighborhood as one of the old neighborhoods of Tehran, which used to be a village. Along with the rapid development of the city, this neighborhood is facing spatial inequality and various problems related to environmental quality. It seems that the level of participation and presence of citizens in the public areas of Farahzad's informal residence is directly related to the environmental quality. In this regard, the present study seeks to analyze the environmental quality strategies of Farahzad informal settlement based on participation. It is assumed by presenting the proposed strategies of environmental quality in the dimensions (economic, social, physical, environmental, decision-making and management), Farahzad can be directed towards environmental quality with an emphasis on participatory approaches. 
Methodology
The present research is descriptive and analytical, and in terms of purpose is an applied study. In order to analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis method was used via AMOS software, SPSS, and SWOT models, and (FARAS, FBMW), and QSPM method. The statistical population in the present study consists of two parts. The first part is the residents of Farahzad informal settlement. According to Cochran's formula, 377 people were selected as the sample population. In the second part, the sample population includes experts and informants. In the field of study, using a purposive sampling, 20 people were selected as the sample population.
 
Results and discussion
According to the SWOT model, the most important strengths and opportunities of the neighborhood are the existence of local mosques and the role of neighborhood tourism, and the most important weaknesses and threats are lack of service uses and unprincipled constructions. After the statement of problems, the results of ranking the categories using the FARAS model showed that, from the experts' point of view, the problems of the current situation in Farahzad neighborhood in the physical field with a weight of 0.456 is more than other fields. Subsequently, in order to rank each problem in the thematic areas, the BMW model was used. The most important challenges are as follows: in the environmental dimension, lack of sewage disposal system with a weight of 0.087, in the social dimension, social security with a weight of 0.087, in the economic dimension, the existence of unauthorized housing with a weight of 0.084, in the physical dimension, the growth of informal settlements in the north of the neighborhood with a weight of 0.085, and finally, in decision-making and management dimension, weak participation of people in urban development decisions with a weight value of 0.084. To correlate the problems between environmental quality and citizen participation, Spearman correlation test was used. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between the problems and the lack of citizen participation. Finally, using the QSPM method, goals were formulated in order to improve the quality of the environment based on citizen participation. Organizing informal settlements in the neighborhood are also the most important goals of the managerial, economic and physical areas, respectively. 
Conclusion
In the optimal design and planning of public areas of informal settlements, including Farahzad, it is vital to pay attention to the needs, characteristics and preferences of citizens to attend, perform activities, accept responsibility and, in a word, citizen participation.
Keywords
environmental quality strategies
partnership-oriented
informal settlements
Farahzad

Subjects

خیرالدین، رضا و  صلاحی مقدم، علیرضا. 1400. توانمندسازی سکونتگاههای غیررسمی با گذر از رویکرد نیازمبنا به دارایی مبنا؛ (موردکاوی محله فرحزاد تهران).  فصلنامه برنامه­ریزی توسعه شهری و منظقه­ای (17) 6. صص 29-58.
رحیمی،  محمود و  ایازی،  امیر.  روانشادنیا،  مهدی. 1399. تحلیل عوامل موثر بر تاب‌آوری در محلات ناکارآمد شهری با تاکید برمعیارهای کالبدی (مطالعه موردی: محله فرحزاد تهران.  مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاه های انسانی. (3) 15. صص 995-1009.
رفیعیان، مجتبی و صدیقی، اسفندیار. پورمحمدی، مرضیه. 1390.  امکان سنجی ارتقا کیفیت محیط از طریق پیاده راه­سازی محورهای شهری مورد: محور خیابان ارم بخش مرکزی شهر قم. مطالعات و پژوهش­های شهری منطقه ای.  3(11). صص 41-56.
زارعی کرگ آباد،  فاطمه و آهنی،  سمیه.  داوودپور،  زهره. 1392.  امکان­سنجی پهنه امن خانگی (Home zone) عاملی جهت ارتقاء کیفیت محیط در کالبد محلات شهری (نمونه موردی: محله خانقاه سنندج). آمایش محیط. . 6 (2). صص 121-139.
سجادزاده، حسن و ایزدی، محمد سعید. حقی، محمدرضا. 1395.  راهبردهای ارتقاء کیفیت محیطی سکونتگاه های غیررسمی بر مبنای نظرات ساکنین, نمونه مطالعه: محله حصار در شهر همدان. محیط شناسی.  42(1). صص 81-96.
صیاد، دانیال و  قضاوی،  رضا.  امیدوار،  ابراهیم. 1401.  ارائه استراتژی‌های مناسب مدیریتی زیرساخت‌های شهری در برابر سیلاب از منظر پدافند غیرعامل با استفاده از SWOT و QSPM (مطالعۀ موردی: شهر کاشان.  مدل سازی و مدیریت آب و خاک. 2(1). صص 42-52.
عزتیان،  شهره و  امین زاده،  بهناز. 1401.  تحلیلی بر پایداری اجتماعی در رابطه تعاملی شهروندان و مدیریت شهری با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی، نمونه موردی شهروندان شهر اصفهان. جغرافیا و توسعه فضای شهری. تاریخ انتشار آنلاین 31 شهریور 1401.
فروغ زاده،  سیمین و  پنج تنی،  سید مهدی. 1400. بررسی تطبیقی کیفیّت زندگی شهری خانواده های ساکن در سکونت‏گاه های غیر‏رسمی و رسمی شهرمشهد. زن و مطالعات خانواده. انتشار آنلاین 1 دی 1400.
کاشفی،  کاوه و رضویان،  محمدتقی . سرور، رحیم. 1399.  نقش بازآفرینی شهری در رفع تعارضات مالکیت زمین از منظر شهروندان(مطالعه موردی: محله فرحزاد).  مطالعات مدیریت شهری 12 (42). صص 25-38.
مرکز آمار ایران، (1385 و 1395).
مهندسین مشاور سراوند. 1385، طرح بهسازی و نوسازی محله فرحزاد
Aboulnaga, M. M. Badran, M. F.  & Barakat, M. M. 2021.  Comprehension of Informal Settlements: An Outlook on Sprawl Factors, Challenges, and Upgrading Process—Role of Policies for Slums’ Resilience and Governance. In Resilience of Informal Areas in
Adegun, O. B. 2021.  Green Infrastructure Can Improve the Lives of Slum Dwellers in African Cities. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 3, 621051.‏
Brotherhood, L. Cavalcanti, T. Da Mata, D. & Santos, C.2022.  Slums and pandemics. Journal of Development Economics, 102882.‏ ‏
Carlson, L. E. Lounsberry, J. J. Maciejewski, O. Wright, K. Collacutt, V. & Taenzer, P. 2012.  Telehealth-delivered group smoking cessation for rural and urban participants: Feasibility and cessation rates. Addictive behaviors, 37(1), PP.  108-114.‏
Choi, E. Bhandari, T. R. & Shrestha, N. 2022.  Social inequality, noise pollution, and quality of life of slum dwellers in Pokhara, Nepal. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 77(2). PP. 149-160.
Durst, N. J. & Wegmann, J. 2017.  Informal housing in the United States. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 41(2). PP. 282-297.
Desai, V. & Loftus, A. 2013.  Speculating on slums: Infrastructural fixes in informal housing in the global South. Antipode, 45(4). PP. 789-808.‏ ‏
Ezeh, A. Oyebode, O. Satterthwaite, D. Chen, Y. F. Ndugwa, R.  Sartori, J. & Lilford, R. J. 2017. The history, geography, and sociology of slums and the health problems of people who live in slums. The lancet, 389(10068). PP. 547-558.‏
Greene, C. S. Millward, A. A & Ceh, B. 2011. Who is likely to plant a tree? The use of public socio-demographic data to characterize client participants in a private urban forestation program. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 10(1). PP.  29-38.‏
Guida, C & Carpentieri, G. 2021. Quality of life in the urban environment and primary health services for the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic: An application to the city of Milan (Italy). Cities, 110, 103038.‏
Ganiyu, S. A. Oyadeyi, A. T. Rabiu, J. A & Jegede, O. A. 2022. Hydrogeochemical categorization and quality assessment of shallow groundwater sources in typical urban slum and peri-urban areas of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Environmental Earth Sciences, 81(4). PP. 1-19.
Henderson, J. V. Regan, T. Venables, A. J. 2021.  Building the city: from slums to a modern metropolis. The Review of Economic Studies. 88(3). PP. 1157-1192.‏
Joshi, A. Malhotra, B. Amadi, C. Loomba, M. Misra, A.  Sharma, S & Amatya, J. 2020. Gender and the digital divide across urban slums of New Delhi, India: cross-sectional study. Journal of medical Internet research. 22(6). PP14714.
Katukiza, A. Y. Ronteltap, M. Niwagaba, C. B. Foppen, J. W. A. Kansiime, F. P. N. L & Lens, P. N. L. 2012. Sustainable sanitation technology options for urban slums. Biotechnology advances. 30(5). PP. 964-978.‏
Kovacs, K & Horvath, E. 2005. The United Nations Population Statistics Database (No. cdiac: United_Nations_Population_Statistics_DB). Environmental System Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem.
Meth, P. 2017. Informal housing, gender, crime and violence: The role of design in urban South Africa. The British Journal of Criminology. 57(2). PP. 402-421.‏
Poplin, A. 2014. Digital serious game for urban planning. B3—Design your Marketplace.. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 41(3).PP.493-511.‏
Patel, A. Joseph, G. Shrestha, A & Foint, Y. 2019. Measuring deprivations in the slums of Bangladesh: implications for achieving sustainable development goals. Housing and Society. 46(2). PP.81-109.‏
Ren, X. 2018. Governing the informal: Housing policies over informal settlements in China, India, and Brazil. Housing Policy Debate. 28(1). PP. 79-93.‏
Spencer, R. J. Noyes, E. T. Bair, J. L & Ransom, M. T. 2022.Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties of the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination. Clinical Gerontologist, PP. 1-13.
Surya, B. Saleh, H. Suriani, S. Sakti, H. H. Hadijah, H & Idris, M. 2020.  Environmental pollution control and sustainability management of slum settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Land. 9(9).PP. 279.
Thomson, D. R. Gaughan, A. E. Stevens, F. R. Yetman, G. Elias, P & Chen, R. 2021.  Evaluating the accuracy of gridded population estimates in slums: A case study in Nigeria and Kenya. Urban Science. 5(2). PP. 48.‏
Yang, B. & Li, J. 2022.  A hierarchical approach for refining point cloud quality of a low cost UAV LiDAR system in the urban environment. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 183. PP.  403-421.
Yeboah, G. Porto de Albuquerque, J. Troilo, R. Tregonning, G. Perera, S. Ahmed, S. A & Yusuf, R. 2021. Analysis of openstreetmap data quality at different stages of a participatory mapping process: Evidence from slums in Africa and Asia. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 10(4). PP. 265.‏
Zhao, Y. Zhang, X. Chen, M. GAO, S & Li, R. 2022. Regional variation of urban air quality in China and its dominant factors. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 32(5).PP. 853-872.
Zhang, Y. 2018. The credibility of slums: Informal housing and urban governance in India. Land use policy. 79. PP. 876-890.‏
Preipheral Urban Spaces Development
Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
Spring and Summer
May 2022
Pages 201-220