Extended Abstract

Introduction

Some villages around the cities are tourist villages. Due to the tourism resources and attractions on the one hand, as well as the proximity to the cities on the other hand, these villages experience wider changes and transformations than other cities. Tourist villages around the cities often have textural and spatial structures suitable for tourism activities. In order to attract tourists, these villages must have suitable tourist facilities and services, which include local residences, restaurants, coffee shops, local stores, museums, and various tourist attractions. In general, tourist villages around cities should have structures and spaces that can attract tourists and provide them with tourism facilities and services, and natural resources and the environment should be protected in order to pay attention to their durability and sustainability.

Sahneh city in Kermanshah province is one of the places where this issue can be seen. Around the city of Sahneh, there are a number of tourist villages, including Darkeh , Bidsorkh and Gros olia , which have received significant influences from the city of Sahneh at a distance of less than 4 km. On the other hand, they have always been known as tourism development destinations due to natural and historical tourism resources. The importance and urgency of the subject is very important both theoretically considering the importance of rural tourism and practically considering the geographical features of the studied villages. On the one hand, the study of this problem helps to know the changes of the villages around the cities, and on the other hand, the effects of tourism development in such villages (Peripheral-urban villages) are also identified and the degree of influence of Sahneh city in this field is also determined. As a result, with this knowledge, a desirable and forward-looking plan can be formulated and presented.



Methodology

The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through the field method. In this research, the Peripheral-urban villages of Sahneh city, including three villages of Darkeh , Bidsorkh and Gros olia , have been studied. The statistical population of the research was equal to 1749 people. According to Cochran's formula, the statistical sample was calculated at the level of rural residents to the number of 315 people. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 researchers and its reliability was also confirmed by completing 30 questionnaires and with Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.70.







Results and discussion

The results of the research showed that tourism has various economic, social, physical and environmental effects, some of which are positive and some are negative. The most important positive effects of tourism can be the quantitative and qualitative improvement of village handicrafts, expansion of tourism services, job creation for villagers, improvement of household appliances (television, etc.), increase of collective and cooperative works, increase of interaction with neighboring areas, increase Public literacy, improving access and quality of water, increasing the environmental awareness of villagers, rebuilding old buildings. Also, tourism has negative effects, the most important of which are increasing the cost of living, changing the consumption pattern in the village, destroying the landscape and scenery of the village, expanding urban architecture, changing the pattern of village housing, changing the materials of houses to urban style, destroying He pointed out the fields in urban peripheral areas.

The results showed that with the expansion of tourism and tourism in urban peripheral villages, the condition of rural areas has also improved; Of course, the results show that these differences and effects are not the same in all villages, and urban peripheral villages have different effects of tourism due to their location, resources, the amount of tourist attraction and various other indicators. In other words, the three villages of Darkeh , Gros olia and Bidsorkh, have not received the same effects and changes from the development of tourism.

The result of the test to measure the significance of the difference in tourism effects shows that they were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Therefore, the effects of tourism development in urban peripheral areas have a significant difference based on the point of view of the statistical community and they can have a different situation. Examining the rank average of the Friedman test shows that the highest average rank is related to the index of increase in collective and cooperative works with a value of 29.67, which shows the biggest difference among the 42 effects of tourism development in urban peripheral areas. Also, the index of increase in the cost of living with an average of 29.15 and also the index of improvement of household appliances (television, etc.) with an average of 29.07 are known in the second and third ranks. In addition to this, the index of improvement of the health of the village environment with an average of 9.19 and the index of increasing the green space and beautification of the village with an average of 9.83 have the least difference. Table (8) shows the prioritization of the effects of tourism development in urban peripheral areas.



Conclusion

The result showed that tourism in urban peripheral areas has had many positive and negative effects in economic, social and physical terms. The most effective tourism has been related to physical and social effects. Also, the result confirmed that this difference exists in the field of tourism impacts in Peripheral-urban areas (Darkeh, Gros olia and Bidsorkh) and all villages have not received the same impact from tourism.





Key words

Tourism, Peripheral-urban areas, tourism target village, Sahneh city.