Introduction

Today, climate change is accepted as a climate reality all over the world, and all the scenarios predicting climate change, indicate its continuation in the future. Climate change refers to specific changes in patterns expected for the average climate situation that occurs in the long run in a particular region or for the global climate as a whole. According to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average world temperature will increase between 0.6 and 2.5 degree Celsius by 2060. Various climate change scenarios indicate that water stress will increase in the future, and as the agricultural sector is considered as the largest consumer of water, it is likely that the area of agricultural land will be drastically reduced, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Climate change is the most important threat to sustainable development, which harms natural resources, environment, human health, food security, economic activities, etc. Threats of climate change in the agricultural sector are increasing the potential of soil erosion, reducing soil quality and, consequently agricultural production. Climate is the most essential and fundamental determining factor in the cultivation of crops, which can determine the type of cultivated plant and the extent of agriculture. Climate change has increased natural disasters and environmental issues that affect the agricultural sector, which is responsible for production and food security. Adaptation is an activity that reduce the vulnerability and also to withstand natural hazards.

Materials and Methods

This research was conducted with the general purpose of investigating the effects of adaptation strategies on the food security of rural-farmer households. A sample size of 350 people was selected for the study by stratified sampling method with proportional assignment using Karjesi and Morgan table. The main research tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data analysis was done in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS software.

Results and Discussion

This research was conducted with the general purpose of the effect of adaptation strategies on the food security of rural households in Dezful city. The results of the research showed that the two strategies of using meteorological information and using local knowledge were used more than all the strategies. In the analysis of this finding, it can be said that the literature review shows that weather information services are considered as a farm decision-making tool that can reduce weather risks in agricultural systems. be used (Ouédraogo et al., 2018; Vaughan et al., 2017). Climate services facilitate farmers' adaptation decisions to climate conditions and increase their preparedness against shocks (IPCC, 2022a; IPCC, 2022b; United Nations, 2022). Therefore, the use of climate information has become an important discussion in policy-making in many decision-making texts on production risk management and resilient agriculture (UNFCCC, 2020; Kiem and Verdon-Kidd, 2011). In addition, the results showed that the adaptation classes, namely farm and product management, financial management, social activities, animal husbandry management, water and irrigation management, and physical infrastructure management had positive and significant effects on improving the food security of rural households. The results of this section are in line with studies (Rashidi et al., 2024; Gebre et al., 2023; Tora et al., 2021).

Conclusions

The results showed that the two strategies "use of meteorological information" and "use of local knowledge" are used by farmers more than all strategies during drought. In addition, the results of the grouping of adaptation strategies showed that the studied farmers do not make much use of adaptation strategies to deal with drought because 71.4% of them use low and moderate strategies. Also, the results showed that rural households do not have adequate food security because more than 60% of them have food insecurity. In addition, the results of the ordinal regression showed that the compatibility classes, namely farm and crop management, financial management, livestock management, social activities, water and irrigation management, and physical infrastructure management have a positive and significant effect on food security.

The results showed that the two strategies "use of meteorological information" and "use of local knowledge" are used by farmers more than all strategies during drought. In addition, the results of the grouping of adaptation strategies showed that the studied farmers do not make much use of adaptation strategies to deal with drought because 71.4% of them use low and moderate strategies. Also, the results showed that rural households do not have adequate food security because more than 60% of them have food insecurity. In addition, the results of the ordinal regression showed that the compatibility classes, namely farm and crop management, financial management, livestock management, social activities, water and irrigation management, and physical infrastructure management have a positive and significant effect on food security.