Introduction

The issue of population aging and its consequences is one of the most important population issues and has attracted a lot of attention during the 21st century. In such a way that the population structure of many developed countries has been aging for several decades and also some developing countries are also seeking to reduce the mortality and fertility rates on the verge of entering the aging stage of the population. Changes and developments in the age structure The population of the world countries as well as the increase in the elderly population have caused various challenges in most countries. Iran is not an exception to this rule, so that according to the estimate made in 1400, the population over 65 years old in Iran reaches 6.7%, which indicates an increase in the elderly population in the coming years. It will have a profound impact on the economic, social, political, health and medical conditions, the intensity of this influence depends on the speed of the phenomenon (population aging). When the proportion of the elderly in the population increases dramatically in a short period of time, economic and social institutions can hardly adapt to the new structure. The increase in the proportion of elderly people will inevitably affect the relative importance of other sectors and thus necessitate the formulation and implementation of new policies. According to the surveys, it was found that the rural areas of Eshtehard city have an older age structure than other rural areas of Alborz province due to various reasons, including the migration of young people to the city. However, the city of Eshtehard is also moving towards old age, following the whole country, and the need to identify the condition of the elderly is considered essential. The phenomenon of aging in the rural areas of Eshtehard city is important because the rural population is considered as producers of agricultural products and a lever for food security and independence of the country. Currently, these rural areas are facing many problems and issues, including rural poverty, hidden unemployment, increasing the average age of farmers and the phenomenon of aging in them, unmanaged migrations to cities due to the lack of economic and social attractiveness of villages. And after that, he pointed out the emptying of the villages and the decrease in the production of agricultural products.

Research Methodology

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of method. All steps of calculations in this research are based on Excel and Spss software. 2 indicators of aging factor and old age factor have been used to investigate the aging status of 10 selected villages, and to determine the trend of the mentioned indicators, the radar chart has been used in a 15-year period. To rank the villages in terms of age, descriptive and quantitative evaluation was used based on the coefficients of each of the indicators, and finally the rank of each village was determined.

Discussion and findings

In order to measure the aging process of the population in the studied area, two indices of aging coefficient and old age have been used, the results of which are as follows, in relation to the old age index; First: the trend of the aging index in four time periods has been positive in all villages, without exception, such that the village of Sehat Abad, which has a young and middle-aged structure, its aging factor has reached 17% from 10%, second: the negative growth of the population in This period of time has caused the decrease of the population under 15 years of age and as a result the increase of the old age factor of the villages. Third: the increase in the life expectancy of the elderly in this period of time has gradually caused the increase of the population over 65 years of age in the studied area, and finally, due to the upward trend With these statistics, the necessary measures should be taken to deal with the affairs of the elderly in the medium and long term by institutions related to the elderly. In relation to the aging index, just like the aging factor, there has been an increasing trend in such a way that in 1400, all the surveyed villages either had a middle-aged structure or an elderly age structure, in other words, they had an aging factor above 4%, which is the highest rate. In 1400, it is allocated to Jaro and Ipek villages with 2.9% and 8.9%, respectively, and the reasons for its increase in recent years can be attributed to the decrease in the number of births and the fertility rate, the increase in the life expectancy of the elderly, and more importantly Above all, he pointed out the increase in migration in rural areas.

Conclusion

In this research, two indicators of the aging factor and aging of the population were used to investigate the aging situation, the results of which are as follows, first: the trend of population aging indicators in the studied area has been upward, second: the highest aging factor related to the village of Jaro with 36.61 percent and the lowest is related to Sehat Abad village with an old age rate of 17.36 percent. Third: In relation to the population aging index, the villages of Jaro and Ipek have the highest old age rate with 9.2 and 8.9 percent, respectively. Fourth: Decrease in birth rate, increase in life expectancy in the elderly and finally migrations in the studied area are considered to be the main and effective factors in the increase of the elderly population in recent years.

Key words: rural population, aging, social and economic effects, Pirashhari villages, Eshthard city.